The interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae McIntoch (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Nymphs of Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were first exposed to parasitoid females for 24 h and then 0, 24, and 48 h afterwards sprayed with a solution of B. bassiana. Likewise, aphids were also sprayed with B. bassiana and then exposed to parasitoids at 0, 24, and 48 h afterwards. Parasitism rate varied from 13 to 66.5%, and were significantly lower in treatments where the two agents were exposed within a 0-24 h time interval compared with the control (without B. bassiana). Parasitoid emergence was negatively affected in treatments with B. bassiana spraying and subsequent exposure to D. rapae. Decreases in longevity of adult females of the D. rapae F1 generation were observed in treatments with B. bassiana spraying. The application of these two biological control agents can be used in combination on the control of M. persicae, wherein this use requires effective time management to avoid antagonistic interactions.

Tetranychus urticae and Heliothis virescens are major pests of cotton and have been managed by the indiscriminate use of acaricides and insecticides. The combined use of chemical and biological products, in particular Bacillus thuringiensis-based products, and the rotation of active ingredients can reduce the negative effects of pesticides and can contribute to the management of resistance, control costs, and help the environment. Therefore, research on the compatibility of control tactics is essential to successful integrated pest management (IPM). The objective of this research was to determine the compatibility of chemical pesticides and a B. thuringiensis-based product in the control of T. urticae and H. virescens in cotton fields. Spiromesifen was compatible with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. However, it reduced the development of B. thuringiensis by 40 to 65% relative to the control. Bifenthrin was toxic or moderately toxic to B. thuringiensis depending on the concentration used. Compared to the control, the vegetative growth of B. thuringiensis was 20% lower when used with bifenthrin. Bifenthrin + carbosulfan was highly toxic to B. thuringiensis, decreasing its vegetative growth to less than 1% compared to the control. Spiromesifen was compatible with the recommended concentrations of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki.

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida da população, surge uma problemática que necessita de intensa atenção à Medicina da Família e Comunidade: a polifarmácia tangente às práticas automedicantes, bem como as implicações das interações medicamentosas à população longeva. Objetivou-se evidenciar os impactos da polifarmácia na saúde e na qualidade de vida da população idosa. O avanço da idade está associado a diversas alterações morfológicas e funcionais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de diversas patologias, implicando maior demanda do uso de fármacos. Sendo assim, a polifarmácia, definida como o uso de cinco ou mais medicamentos diariamente, simultâneos, e de forma crônica, pode predispor a reações adversas e/ou interações farmacológicas danosas à saúde do paciente. Essa prática, que visa controlar as patologias crônicas e consequentemente aumentar a qualidade e esperança média de vida, é capaz de aumentar a morbidade e a mortalidade dessa parcela da população. Por isso, orientações quanto à prescrição de medicamentos deve levar em conta os reais benefícios e evitar potenciais interações danosas, podendo descartar uso sem necessidade; usado erradamente; ou por omissão de um medicamento que o doente necessite. É fundamental, portanto, uma abordagem holística, integral e individualizada a cada paciente, para, assim, evitar repercussões negativas advindas do uso de múltiplos fármacos.

The effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium longisporum on the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae was evaluated under laboratory conditions. M. persicae nymphs were first exposed to 1-day-old mated parasitoid females for 24 h and then sprayed at different intervals with a solution of L. longisporum. The aphids were primarily sprayed with a solution of the entomopathogen and then exposed to parasitism at different time intervals. The parameters evaluated were parasitism rate, emergence rate, the period between oviposition until mummification, the period between oviposition until emergence, sex ratio (F1 generation), and longevity of F1 generation females. Parasitism was reduced from 66.47 to 17.75% from previous spraying of the entomopathogen on M. persicae. Parasitoid emergence was affected in treatments consisting of spraying L. longisporum immediately (0 h) after or before parasitism. Decreases in the longevity of adult females from the D. rapae F1 generation were related to the presence of the entomopathogenic fungus. The results indicate that there are two biological control agents that can be used in IPM systems against M. persicae, but this relationship requires some caution in order to avoid antagonistic interactions in the field.