The Euphorbiaceae sensu lato are distributed mainly in the tropics, in various types of vegetation and habitats, being one of the largest, most complex and diverse families of angiosperms. It has recently been divided into four families, according to classification systems based on molecular phylogeny: Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto, Phyllanthaceae, Putranjivaceae, and Picrodendraceae. There is a proposition to establish Peraceae still under discussion. There were also changes in the taxonomic position of genera widely distributed in the Brazilian territory, such as Amanoa, Drypetes, Pera, Phyllanthus, Podocalyx, Pogonophora, and Richeria, among others. In addition, new species have been proposed and the limits of taxa distribution are expanding in Brazil. Thus, the authors provide an overview of recent studies and advances in the taxonomy of Euphorbiaceae s.l. in the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil, concentrating on review works and regional floras, as well as the changes that resulted in setting a new taxonomic family.
Registraram-se as espécies medicinais utilizadas por sitiantes da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Rio das Pedras, no município de Mangaratiba, estado do Rio de Janeiro e conduziu-se um levantamento dos depósitos de pedidos de patente para estas plantas no European Patent Office, no Japan Patent Information Organization e no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial-Indicações Geográficas. Dos 36 táxons informados pelos sitiantes, 16 foram citados em 103 pedidos de patente. As famílias citadas nos documentos foram: Apiaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Musaceae, Piperaceae, Rubiaceae e Rutaceae. As espécies medicinais citadas pelos sitiantes e que apresentam pedidos de patente são, em sua maioria, plantas exóticas (71%), trazidas para o Brasil ao longo de sua colonização. Estudos como este são importantes para a identificação do conhecimento local, além de servir como veículo de alerta para as questões do Direito de Propriedade Intelectual e patentes, tema ainda pouco valorizado no Brasil.
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