To test the hypothesis that in domestic cats, postnatal androgens induce sterility, the aims of this study were to describe the reproductive effects and the clinical safety of a postnatal administration of a long term release androgen in this species. Thirteen newborn littermate female kittens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups within the first 24 hours of birth: testosterone enanthate 12.5 mg sc (TE; n = 8) or Placebo (PL; n = 5). The animals were subsequently assessed for fecal sexual hormones until puberty was attained and subsequently when matings occurred. After 21 days, ovulation and gestation were diagnosed. All queens were subsequently ovario-hysterectomized. Fecal testosterone concentrations differed between the treatment groups throughout the study period (P < 0.05) being greater during the first 2 postnatal weeks in those of the TE group (P < 0.01). Fecal estradiol was not affected by treatment (P > 0.1). While all the females were receptive during the pubertal estrus (P> 0.1), two TE (2/8) compared with all (5/5) females of the PL group had ovulations (P < 0.05). Only one (1/2) compared with three (3/5) of the queens of the TE and PL groups, respectively became pregnant. All kittens of the TE group had transient clitoral enlargement. Anovulatory TE-treated cats had no corpus luteum, and a significant diminution of the endometrial glands as well as of the height of the uterine epithelium. It is concluded that, in domestic cats, a single postnatal supraphysiological dose of testosterone caused a large proportion of queens to be anovulatory and there were also histological endometrial abnormalities that also occurred with this treatment that were accompanied by mild and transient side effects.
Con el objetivo de describir el efecto de un andrógeno en el control de la reproducción indeseada de los felinos domésticos se realizó un estudio aleatorizado con grupo placebo. Los gatos fueron ubicados en los siguientes tratamientos: Enantato de testosterona (ET) 12,5 mg (n=13) o Placebo (PL; n=10) subcutáneos durante las primeras 24 horas de vida. Los felinos se controlaron clínica, reproductiva y endocrinológicamente hasta la pubertad cuando se probó su fertilidad in vivo. Finalmente, los animales fueron castrados y sus gónadas y úteros estudiados macro y microscópicamente. La anovulación se produjo en 6/8 vs. 0/5 hembras del grupo ET y PL, respectivamente (p<0,05) y la fertilidad en 1/8 vs. 3/5 hembras de los mismos grupos (p>0,1). Los machos resultaron fértiles 4/5 vs. 5/5 del grupo ET y PL, respectivamente (p>0,1). En ambos sexos, las concentraciones de testosterona fecales fueron más elevadas en el grupo ET durante las 2 primeras semanas (p<0,05). Las concentraciones fecales de 17-estradiol en hembras no presentaron diferencias entre los tratamientos (p>0,1). Todas las hembras ET presentaron transitoriamente agrandamiento de la vulva y del clítoris y una de ellas tuvo nódulos mamarios. En los ovarios se hallaron folículos en crecimiento y cuerpos lúteos, en los animales anovulatorios y los que ovularon, respectivamente. La evaluación microscópica uterina reveló que en el área ocupada por las glándulas uterinas (p<0,01), la altura del epitelio glandular y luminal, fue menor en el grupo ET (p<0,05). En los machos ET disminuyó, aunque no significativamente, el peso y volumen testicular, el diámetro y la longitud de los túbulos seminíferos así como el volumen de espermatogonias y células de Sertoli. La disrupción endócrina con un andrógeno de larga acción durante la ventana crítica postnatal provocó una alta proporción de infertilidad anovulatoria y efectos adversos transitorios. Este tratamiento podría tener un futuro contraceptivo en esta especie.
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