Cortical GABAergic interneurons constitute a highly diverse population of inhibitory neurons that are key regulators of cortical microcircuit function. An important and heterogeneous group of cortical interneurons specifically expresses the serotonin receptor 3A (5-HT3AR) but how this diversity emerges during development is poorly understood. Here we use single-cell transcriptomics to identify gene expression patterns operating in Htr3a-GFP+ interneurons during early steps of cortical circuit assembly. We identify three main molecular types of Htr3a-GFP+ interneurons, each displaying distinct developmental dynamics of gene expression. The transcription factor Meis2 is specifically enriched in a type of Htr3a-GFP+ interneurons largely confined to the cortical white matter. These MEIS2-expressing interneurons appear to originate from a restricted region located at the embryonic pallial–subpallial boundary. Overall, this study identifies MEIS2 as a subclass-specific marker for 5-HT3AR-containing interstitial interneurons and demonstrates that the transcriptional and anatomical parcellation of cortical interneurons is developmentally coupled.

The nucleation and growth of layers of Cu deposited in ultrahigh vacuum on Cu(100) has been studied by He scattering. The intensity of the specular beam shows oscillations as a function of coverage, with maxima occurring at the completion of successive monolayers. The amplitude of these oscillations depends on both temperature and angle of incidence. An analysis of the dependence with the incident angle at fixed coverage, combined with the Bragg conditions for interference, provides an accurate method for determining the height of the two-dimensional islands formed in the process of crystal growth. %'e find a 0 value of 1.80+0.06 A in excellent agreement with x-ray determination of interlayer spacing of (100) planes. Measurements of the angular profile of the specular peak give an estimation of the average island size at different temperatures.The understanding of the processes involved in epitaxial growth of a crystal from its vapor has been a topic of permanent interest for 40 years. ' Many surface-sensitive techniques have been applied in the past years to characterize the series of atomic steps involved in growth phenomena, e.g. , condensation, migration, and nucleation. Whereas imaging techniques able to visualize individual adatoms, such as field ion microscopy (FIM), provide detailed information of small areas of the sample, diffraction techniques give the average over larger areas. As a typical example of the last type of techniques, the process of crystal growth has been recently studied by means of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), ' " which, however, presents some problems due to the finite penetration of electrons in the solid. On the other hand, the scattering of atomic beams of He by surfaces is known to be sensitive only to the outer charge corrugation, thus, being especially suited to give average terrace size or step density of a growing crystal. Some of the advantages of using atomic beams for this purpose are their high sensitivity to detect disordered structures (adatoms, steps) at very low concentration, and their capability to provide information on the state of aggregation of the adsorbates.In this Rapid Communication we report on the first results of a study of nucleation and growth of copper evaporated on the (100) surface of the same metal using atomic beam scattering.The experiments were carried out in a UHV chamber equipped with standard surface-science techniques: Auger spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and Ar-ion sputterin . A supersonic He nozzle beam of 63 meV (k = 11 ') entered the chamber and impinged upon the crystal surface at a selected angle of incidence @. The scattered He intensity was measured by p movable quadrupole mass spectrometer. A more detailed description of the experimental setup has been already published.A copper wrapped tungsten filament placed near the crystal surface was used as a source of Cu vapor. The rate of Cu deposition was calibrated by measuring the peak heights of selected substrate and adsorbate Auger transitions in a cobalt foil ...

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This paper presents the base, development and testing in a real context of AdaptADHD, an application to support adaptive training and evaluation of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) during their therapies. On one hand, this application aims to help patients to improve their abilities regarding concentration and impulse control by guiding them through the realization of different activities according to their needs. On the other hand, it facilitates the therapists' labour by leading the therapy and supporting monitoring. Preliminary results suggest its potential high impact on ADHD treatment.