No abstract

Taking in consideration the global analysis of complex samples, proposed by the metabolomic approach, the chromatographic fingerprint encompasses an attractive chemical characterization of herbal medicines. Thus, it can be used as a tool in quality control analysis of phytomedicines. The generated multivariate data are better evaluated by chemometric analyses, and they can be modeled by classification methods. "Stone breaker" is a popular Brazilian plant of Phyllanthus genus, used worldwide to treat renal calculus, hepatitis, and many other diseases. In this study, gradient elution at reversed-phase conditions with detection at ultraviolet region were used to obtain chemical profiles (fingerprints) of botanically identified samples of six Phyllanthus species. The obtained chromatograms, at 275 nm, were organized in data matrices, and the time shifts of peaks were adjusted using the Correlation Optimized Warping algorithm. Principal Component Analyses were performed to evaluate similarities among cultivated and uncultivated samples and the discrimination among the species and, after that, the samples were used to compose three classification models using Soft Independent Modeling of Class analogy, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Partial Least Squares for Discriminant Analysis. The ability of classification models were discussed after their successful application for authenticity evaluation of 25 commercial samples of "stone breaker."

RESUMO:Descrições morfoanatômicas preliminares do caule e da folha de Acanthospermum australe (Loefl .) Kuntze foram realizadas a partir de material vegetal fresco e fi xado. Secções transversais e paradérmicas, coradas com safranina/azul de astra e azul de toluidina foram analisadas ao microscópio. As superfícies do caule e da folha foram observadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A. australe apresenta, tanto no caule quanto na folha, tricomas tectores pluricelulares, unisseriados e de extremidades afi ladas, e glandulares discóides, com pedúnculo curto unicelular, no qual se prendem cinco séries de células. A folha é anfi estomática e os estômatos são do tipo anomocítico, levemente proeminentes em relação ao nível das demais células epidérmicas. O caule apresenta crescimento secundário inicial, destacando-se os ductos secretores no parênquima cortical e medular.Unitermos: Acanthospermum australe, aspectos estruturais, órgãos vegetativos, diagnose.ABSTRACT: "A preliminary morphological and anatomical study of the stem and leaf of Acanthospermum australe (Loefl .) Kuntze (Asteraceae-Heliantheae)". Preliminary morphological and anatomical descriptions of stem and leaf of Acanthospermum australe (Loefl .) Kuntze were made in fresh and fi xed material. Cross and superfi cial sections, stained with safranin/ astra blue and Toluidine blue were analyzed at the light microscopic and the images were acquired by means the program Image Pro-Plus, version 4.0 (Media Cybertecnics). The surface of the stem and leaf were observed through scanning electronic microscopy. The species presents in the stem and leaf surface multicellular nonglandular trichome, uniseriate with a pointed edge and multicellular glandular trichome like a disk with a unicellular peduncle, in which is attached a series of fi ve cells. The leaf presents anomocytic stomata in both surfaces a little prominent in relation to the level of the epidermal cells. The stem presents an initial secondary growth with evident secretory ducts in the cortex and pith.Keywords: Acanthospermum australe, structural aspects, vegetative organs, diagnose. INTRODUÇÃOO Brasil tem grande diversidade de plantas com potenciais medicinais, ainda não pesquisados, e que são promissoras fontes de inovações terapêuticas e farmacológicas para as mais diversas áreas da saúde humana. A importância medicinal, econômica e ecológica de espécies nativas brasileiras, bem como o risco de sua extinção pela ação predatória do homem, tem motivado os estudos destas plantas, visando sua preservação e aproveitamento racional (Souza et al., 2003).Um dos aspectos mais delicados da fi toterapia é a diversidade de nomes vernaculares que são atribuídos às plantas, que podem variar para cada região do Brasil (Lorenzi;Matos, 2002). Assim, um trabalho com fi toterápico se inicia com a correta identifi cação da espécie estudada. Dentre as evidências utilizadas para esse fi m, as características morfológicas e anatômicas estão entre as mais baratas e acessíveis. Considerando que os fi toterápic...