The program Mercury, developed by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, is designed primarily as a crystal structure visualization tool. A new module of functionality has been produced, called the Materials Module, which allows highly customizable searching of structural databases for intermolecular interaction motifs and packing patterns. This new module also includes the ability to perform packing similarity calculations between structures containing the same compound. In addition to the Materials Module, a range of further enhancements to Mercury has been added in this latest release, including void visualization and links to ConQuest, Mogul and IsoStar.

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Hopping conductivity becomes activationless (metallic) when twice the intersite coupling supercedes the reorganization energy. Consistent with this idea, activationless electron pair transfer may be considered as a condition for the appearance of superconductivity. For electron pairs the condition is slightly more complicated than for single electrons. The activation energy depends on the relative energies between ionic states and a valence bond state. The latter serves as an intermediate state, contributing to the disappearance of the activation barrier. In A$&, that pairing occurs because the 'A,state of the negative ions C& and C& is stabilized by correlation effects and is the ground state. The correlation effects are primarily due to the closeness in energy and different parity of the t I , and t l , orbitals, which are partly occupied in the negative ions, but empty in neutral Cm. The small interelectronic repulsion and the polarization energy from the environment also contribute to the stability of the evenly negative ions.

Alkali-doped polyacetylene is considered as an electron-transfer system. To estimate the reorganization energy due to bond-length changes when electrons are added or subtracted, we applied the (U)MP2 and CASSCF methods to small systems of the type H(CH), H. The simple tight-binding (Hiickel) model with bond-length-dependent resonance integrals has been applied to the same and larger polyenes. The bond lengths are obtained via the bond orders for the various oxidation states. The results agree very well with the ab initio results and experiments for small polyenes. Odd-N and even-N systems behave differently. In odd-N systems, a structural "soliton" exists in the neutral molecule. An electron can be added or removed without bond-length change. In even-N chains, with perfect bond alternation in the neutral molecule, the bond length changes when an electron is accepted occur over about 20 carbon atoms. The reorganization energy tends to a constant value (0.22 eV) as the chain length is increased. Soliton structure is studied as a function of out-of-plane torsional defects and it is found that an additional electron is localized primarily on a segment with an odd number of carbon atoms. In the presence of positively charged ions, electrons are attracted toward this charge and positive solitons formed at some distance from the perturbing ion. 0 1996