Introduction: The relation of a biological variable to body mass is typically characterized by an allometric scaling law. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oxygen consumption (VO2max), as a parameter of aerobic exercise performance, and body composition in rugby players. Material and method: The sample included one hundred and seven males of the Spanish rugby team. Age: 25.1 ± 3.4 years; body mass (BM): 89.8 ± 11.7 kg, height: 182.4 ± 6.5 cm; 52 backs (BR) and 55 forwards (FR). Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max, l.min-1) was measured during treadmill exercise test with progressive workload. Anthropometrical measurements were performed to estimate the fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass (MM). The allometric exponent “b” was determined from equation y = a * xb; where “y” is VO2max and, “x” is the corresponding mass (BM, FFM or MM) and “a” is one constant. Results: The VO2max was 4.87 ± 0.56 l.min-1, BR vs FR, 4.67 ± 0.48 l.min-1 vs 5.06 ± 0.06 l.min-1; FFM: 77.5±7.7 kg, 73.5±7 kg vs 81.3±6.3 kg; and MM: 52.9±6.5 kg, 49.6±5.6 kg vs 56.1±5.8 kg. The allometric exponents (p <0.0001; R2 = 0.4) were: 0.58 for BM (95% CI: 0.45 - 0.72); 0.71 for FFM (95% CI: 0.53 - 0.90); and 0.58 for MM (95% CI: 0.43 - 0.73). Significant differences (p <0.0001) were found BR vs FR according to their anthropometric characteristics and VO2max with respect to BM and MM without allometric scaling. While the VO2max indexed by means of allometric scaling was similar between BR and FR. Conclusions: In comparative studies, the VO2max should be expressed proportional to the 0.58 power of body mass or related to FFM in order to take into account the variability in of body composition in rugby players.
Objetivo: Determinar el perfil antropométrico y fisiológico de los equipos de gimnasia rítmica españoles de los Juegos Olímpicos 1996 y 2016; reflejo de los cambios en este deporte. Método: El conjunto de los Juegos Olímpicos lo integraron seis gimnastas en 1996 y cinco en 2016. Se realizó estudio antropométrico de composición corporal, somatotipo y proporcionalidad; y prueba de esfuerzo máxima en tapiz rodante para determinación del consumo máximo de oxígeno y de los umbrales ventilatorios. Las diferencias estadísticas se determinaron por la U de Mann-Whitney, para una p < 0.05. Resultados: Las gimnastas de 1996 fueron más jóvenes, con menor peso, talla y envergadura que las de 2016. El porcentaje de grasa y el sumatorio de pliegues cutáneos fueron similares en ambos conjuntos. El conjunto de 2016 tuvo mayor masa muscular (kg) y áreas musculares transversales a nivel de brazo, muslo y pierna. El conjunto de 1996 tuvo un componente ectomórfico más alto. La potencia aeróbica máxima fue superior en el conjunto de 2016 en valor absoluto (l/min) igualándose en valor relativo al peso corporal (ml·kg-1·min-1). Conclusión: El conjunto de gimnasia rítmica de 2016 está integrado por deportistas de más experiencia en alta competición y con mayor desarrollo músculo-esquelético lo que les confiere más fuerza muscular para la ejecución correcta de los nuevos elementos acrobáticos, saltos y lanzamientos que conforman el ejercicio en la actualidad.
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