The identification of arthropod bloodmeals is important in many epidemiological
Heartworm disease is caused by a mosquito-borne parasite that can affect many different mammalian species and has worldwide distribution. The agent, Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy 1856), infect mainly dogs but feline infection have been frequently reported in the last decade. Feline heartworm infection is difficult to detect, therefore, low reported prevalence could reflect true low prevalence or poor diagnostic efficiency. As mosquitoes are known to be attracted differently by different mammalian species, mosquitoes were collected from both a cattery and a contiguous home located in a canine heartworm enzootic area in Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For 14 months, mosquitoes were collected weekly for genus identification, speciation when possible, and for individual blood meal identification. Culex species mosquitoes were the most captured and those most frequently found with feline blood meal, followed by Aedes species that, although captured in lower numbers, also fed on feline blood. While Culex species mosquitoes have been reported as potential secondary heartworm vectors for dogs and primary vectors for cats, the present results suggest that Aedes species mosquitoes may also be involved in feline heartworm transmission in a larger proportion than previously thought.
ResumoA dirofilariose é uma doença que se apresenta distribuída mundialmen te, sendo causada pelo nematóide Dirofilaria immitis (Léidy, 1856) que acomete várias espécies animais. Nos gatos a microfilarem ia é inexistente ou de duração muito curta, há grande quantidade de migrações erráticas e curas espontânea s. Os sintomas, quando presentes, freqüenteme nte são mais graves do que em cães. Por isso, diagnóstico da dirofilariose felina é mais difícil de ser estabelecido . No entanto, podem ser utilizados testes laboratoriais , pesquisa de antígeno de parasitas adultos ou pesquisa de anticorpos. Com o objetivo de conhecer-se a prevalência da dirofilariose canina e felina no Engenho do Mato, Niterói, RJ, coletou-se sangue de cães e gatos dessa área. Foi realizado o teste de Knott modificado para o diagnóstico em cães e o teste de ELISA para pesquisa de anticorpos nos gatos. Dentre os cães observou-se . que 26% (20/77) eram portadores de microfilárias . Não se detectou a presença de anticorpos nos gatos. Palavras-ch ave: Dirofilaria immitis, dirofilariose , diagnóstico AbstractHeartworm disease is worldwide distributed and it's etiologic agent is the nematode Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) which infect many animal species. In cats microfilarem ia is inexistent or short lived, there are many erratic migrations and self cures and clinicai signs, when present, are usually more severe than in dogs. Diagnosis of feline heartworm is difficult to be established but it can be done by antigen or antibody tests.To ~now the prevalence of canine and feline heartworm in Engenho do Mato, Niterói, RJ, Brazil, blóod samples of cats and dogs were collected in this area. The canine blood samples were collected for microfilaria diagnosis by Knott's modified test and 'éats' blood samples were collected for antibody test (ELISA). Among dogs 26% (20/77}were microfilarem ic and none of the cats showed antibodies. Keywords: Dirofilaria immitis, heartworm, diagnosis IntroduçãoDirofilariose é uma doença que tem o nematóide Dirofilaria immitis (leidy, 1856; Railliet e Henry, 1911) como agente etiológico. Apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica e, embora a ocorrência felina seja menor que a canina, há relatos de infecções felinas por D. immitis em várias partes do mundo, sendo a maioria deles achados isolados (Guerrero et ai., 1992; McCall et ai., 1994). O número de casos de dirofilariose felina vem aumentando e este parasitismo assinalado em novas regiões. Esse aumento pode estar relacionado com: 1 J a maior utilização dos métodos diagnóstico s (McCall et ai., 1994; Brown et ai., 1999) devido à redução do custo, praticidade e melhor eficiência dos testes (Knight et él.l., 1999); 2) a mobilidade dos animais, viajando freqüenteme nte; 3) mudança de hábitos alimentares dos mosquitos ou 4) pela associação de vários desses fatores (Brown et ai., 1999 ).Além de ser pouco freqüente, o diagnóstico . da dirofilariose felina é mais difícil que o da canina porque '.a pesquisa de mictofilárias é ineficiente, embora a microfilarem ia, quando present...
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