This paper proposes a method for the determination of copper, manganese, and selenium in vegetables of conventional and organic farming in the state of São Paulo/ Brazil using ultrasonic extraction of analytes and subsequent quantification by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Using 0.10 mol L −1 of hydrochloric acid as the extracting solution, the following optimal extraction conditions were established: sample mass of 100 mg, sample grain size of <60 μm, sonication time of five cycles of 40 s, and sonication power of 136 W. The analytes were determined by GFAAS, applying drying temperatures of 90°C to 250°C, pyrolysis temperature of 1,300°C, atomization temperature of 2,300°C, and cleaning temperature of 2,800°C. Palladium nitrate was co-injected with the samples as a chemical modifier and tungsten as a permanent modifier. The accuracy and precision of the proposed extraction method were evaluated based on a certified standard, RM 8433 Corn Bran (NIST RM 8433). The results obtained by the ultrasonic extraction method were equivalent to those obtained by the method of acid mineralization of samples in a microwave oven. However, the proposed methodology reduces the analytical time considerably, favoring the analytical speed. Moreover, the quantity of residues generated and discharged into the environment is also considerably lower.
Especiação de fósforo e atributos microbiológicos da rizosfera de soja e trigo em função do preparo do solo / Luciana de Arruda Garcia.-Piracicaba, 2019. 95 p. Tese (Doutorado)-USP / Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". 1. Sistema de Plantio Direto 2. XANES 3. Qualidade do solo 4. Especiação de P I. Título AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família, em especial minha mãe Maria Josefina e irmã Daniela, que estão sempre comigo na linha de frente, me apoiando e encorajando e a meus queridos sobrinhos Ana Carolina e Luís Gabriel, que vieram para deixar nossa vida mais feliz. Ao meu amor e compaheiro José Carlos de Deus Júnior que esteve e está comigo em todos os momentos, me ajudando, auxiliando e compartilhando as alegrias e angústias da caminhada, obrigada pelo carinho, te amo! Ao professor Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni, pela orientação, apoio e contribuição na minha formação acadêmica. Aos pesquisadores da Embrapa Soja, Julio Cezar Franchini dos Santos e Henrique Debiasi e ao técnico Luiz Gustavo Garbelini, pela parceria e por todo auxílio prestado. Aos pesquisadores da Embrapa Instrumentação, Ladislau Martin Neto, Luiz Alberto Colnago e a técnica Viviane Faria Soares, pelo auxílio prestado. Ao Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM) e pesquisadores do Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) que auxiliaram neste trabalho. Ao Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq) pela auxílio financeiro durante a realização deste trabalho. A todos os professores da ESALQ/USP e CENA/USP dos quais utilizei os laboratórios para as análises desta pequisa.
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