The results of the present investigation emphasize the special attention required for children who suffered dental trauma at an early age, especially in cases of intrusive luxation and avulsion.

Objective: To evaluate systemic exposures associated with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Methods: This systematic review was performed using published observational studies that evaluated the systemic exposures associated with MIH. The sources of articles searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library and Grey literature. The risk of bias was analysed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment. The meta-analysis was performed considering the exposures during the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods using the CMA software.Results: A total of 4207 articles were identified. Twenty-nine studies were eligible for inclusion and 27 were included in the meta-analysis. The studies presented low and moderate risks of bias, except for one that was classified as having a high risk of bias. Maternal illness during pregnancy (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.18-1.65, P < 0.0001) and psychological stress (OR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.52-4.63; P = 0.001) was observed to be significantly associated with higher odds of MIH. During the perinatal period, caesarean delivery (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.57, P = 0.001) and delivery complications (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.47-2.88, P < 0.0001) were also associated with MIH. In the postnatal period, only respiratory diseases (OR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.45-2.70, P < 0.0001) and fever (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.22-1.84; P < 0.0001) were associated with higher prevalence of MIH. The evidence was graded as very low quality. Conclusions:Maternal illness, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, delivery complications, respiratory diseases and fever during the first years of a child's life were significantly associated with a higher odds of MIH. However, this should be interpreted with caution, once the primary studies were observational, with serious limitations according to the risk of bias, imprecision, and inconsistency. Further, welldesigned cohort studies are still required. K E Y W O R D Saetiology, dentition, meta-analysis, molar incisor hypomineralization, systematic review | CON CLUS IONAccording to this systematic review, maternal illness, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, delivery complications, respiratory diseases, fever and childhood illnesses were significantly associated with MIH. However, as the evidence was gathered from studies with serious limitations, such as the risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Background Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is associated with unfavourable dental conditions such as dental caries and may consequently impact oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Objective To assess the impact of MIH on OHRQoL in children with early mixed dentition. Method A population‐based cross‐sectional study of 728 8‐year‐old children from the public school system in Curitiba, Brazil, was conducted. The Child Perception Questionnaire for 8‐ to 10‐year‐olds (CPQ8‐10) was used to evaluate OHRQoL. MIH was diagnosed according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The assessments of MIH, dental caries, and malocclusion were performed by four calibrated examiners (κ ≥ 0.80). Demographic and socioeconomic data (DSE) were obtained from the children's parents/caregivers using a structured questionnaire. The analysis of OHRQoL determinants was performed through a three‐level hierarchical approach: mesial (DSE), intermediate (clinical conditions), and distal (child's oral self‐perception), using Poisson regression with robust variance (α = 0.05). Results The prevalence of MIH was 12.1% (95% CI: 10‐15). An association was found between MIH and OHRQoL in the “oral symptoms” domain of the CPQ8‐10 (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.11, P < 0.001) after adjusting for other clinical variables and DSE. Conclusion Molar incisor hypomineralization was associated with a greater impact on OHRQoL in children's oral symptoms.

The aim of the present study was to assess oral health literacy (OHL) in pregnant women and its association with social determinants and knowledge regarding eating habits and oral hygiene in infants. This cross-sectional study assessed 175 pregnant women in a hospital in southern Brazil. Socioeconomic and demographic data were obtained using a questionnaire, and OHL was determined by the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30). Eating habits and oral hygiene knowledge were assessed by statements on a 3-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlations and the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). The mean (SD) age was 26.2 (6.17) years. Most of the participants had up to 8 years of education (60.0 %) and belonged to socioeconomic class "C" or lower (56.0 %). The mean (SD) score on the BREALD-30 was 22.4 (4.66). A positive correlation was found between BREALD-30 scores and knowledge (r s  = 0.370, p < 0.001), income (r s  = 0.374, p < 0.001), and the age at which infants first consumed sugar in their diets (r s  = 0.370, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between BREALD-30 scores and domicile agglomeration (r s  = -0.237, p = 0.020). BREALD-30 scores were higher among pregnant women who had more than 8 years of education (p < 0.001), who belonged to higher socioeconomic classes (p < 0.001), and who were employed (p = 0.025). A significant correlation was found between OHL and knowledge. Lower social determinants were associated with lower OHL. Oral health literacy should be considered in health education practices to facilitate adherence to health recommendations in pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to analyze luxation injuries in children between the ages of 0 and 5 years treated at an emergency service department. A total of 1,703 records, corresponding to a period of 10 years at the Emergency Center of the Baby Clinic at Londrina State University, Brazil, were analyzed. The age, gender, etiologic factors, type of injury, injured teeth, treatment and time interval between injury and treatment were determined for each patient. Of the examined records, 409 patients met the study criteria and included a total of 679 injured teeth. Statistical analyses were carried out using the chi-square test with the level of significance set at 5%. Trauma incidence was higher in boys (57.0%) and in children less than two years of age (40.3%). Falling while walking or running was the most predominant etiologic factor (37.7%), and the most prevalent type of injury was subluxation (32.6%). Luxation injuries decreased with increasing age (p = 0.045). Treatment usually occurred within the first 1-15 days and was significantly associated with the type of trauma (p = 0.041). "Monitor only" was the treatment most frequently observed (74.0%). In conclusion, more luxation injuries were found in younger children, predominantly in boys. Falls resulting from walking or running were the etiologic factor most observed, with subluxation as the most common type of trauma. Treatment usually occurred within the first 15 days after the injury. Despite the severity of these injuries, "monitor only" was the eligible treatment.