Background The intraglandular application of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A) is used in patients with neuromotor disorders to control the escape of saliva. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of repeated treatment with BoNT‐A on the submandibular‐sublingual complex of rats. Methods A total of 35 Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (C), in which animals were not treated; group B, treated with 2.5 U intraglandular injections of BoNT‐A (Prosigne®) and group G, that received bovine gelatine (Prosigne stabilizer). Three applications were performed in intervals of 35 days. Twelve and 35 days after ending the treatment, submandibular‐sublingual complex was collected for histological analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions for calponin and specific muscle actin were also performed, besides detection of apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results A decrease in mucosal and serous acini diameter was observed, with increased interstitial space after 12 days of treatment with BoNT‐A, which was observed in a lesser degree on the 35th day. At 12 days, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in myoepithelial cells of serous acini in group B. TUNEL methods evidenced apoptosis in animals from group B. Conclusions BoNT‐A caused histological and cellular changes in submandibular‐sublingual complex, followed by a tendency toward reversal after 35 days. The reversal characteristic of cellular changes in the submandibular‐sublingual complex suggests that this BoNT‐A formulation may be safely used for sialorrhea treatment.

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Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups.Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope.Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers.Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation.

Objetivo: Determinar os parâmetros clínicos periodontais e a frequência de bactérias periodontopatogênicas no biofilme subgengival de mães de prematuros comparativamente às mães de bebês a termo. Método: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle envolvendo 40 mulheres. Foram incluídas 20 mães de prematuros no grupo caso, enquanto no grupo controle foram incluídas 20 mães de bebês a termo. Em até 48 horas após o parto, as participantes do estudo foram submetidas a uma entrevista, contendo dados de identificação, sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, história gestacional atual e pregressa, um exame periodontal, onde foram coletados dados de profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, Índice de placa e perda de inserção periodontal e a coleta do biofilme subgengival e a coleta de biofilme subgengival.Na análise microbiológica deste deste foram analisadas as bactérias Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, através da técnica da PCR convencional. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes t-Student com variâncias, t-Student com variâncias desiguais, Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou o teste Exato de Fisher quando as condições para utilização do teste Qui-quadrado não foram verificadas, considerando um nível de significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As médias da perda de inserção clínica e sangramento à sondagem mostraram-se significativamente superiores nas mães de bebês prematuros (p=0,049; p= 0,031, respectivamente). A Porphyromonas gingivalis mostrou-se significativamente mais frequente no grupo caso (p= 0,044). Conclusão: Sugere-se que a inflamação e perda de inserção periodontal bem como a presença da Porphyromonas gingivalis no biofilme subgengival das mães das mães possam estar associados à prematuridade dos bebês.Periodontite; Bactérias anaeróbias; Prematuro.Objective: To establish the periodontal clinical parameters and frequency of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the subgingival biofilms of mothers of preterm babies compared with the mothers of term babies. Method: A case-control study involving 40 women was performed. In the study group were included 20 mothers of preterm babies, while the control group had 20 mothers of term babies. Within 48 h post birth, the subjects were interviewed for collecting information about identification, sociodemographic data, day-to-day habits, current and former gestational history, and periodontal examination (periodontal probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index and loss of periodontal attachment, and subgingival biofilm collection). The microbiological analysis of the biofilm detected the bacteria Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by the conventional PCR technique. Data were analyzed by the Student's t-test with unequal variances, Pearson's chi square test or Fisher's exact test when the conditions for use of the chi square test were not fulfilled. The significance level was set at 5% and the confidence i...

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