A Entomologia Forense -o estudo de insetos e outros artrópodes associados a diversas questões criminais -serve como uma ferramenta auxiliar, por exemplo, na investigação de crimes contra pessoas vítimas de morte violenta.Esses estudos iniciaram-se no Brasil em 1908, com os trabalhos pioneiros de Edgard Roquette Pinto e Oscar Freire, respectivamente nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e da Bahia. Com base em estudos de casos em humanos e animais realizados na primeira década do Século XX, esses autores registraram a diversidade da fauna de insetos necrófagos em regiões de Mata Atlântica, então ainda bastante preservadas. Tais trabalhos foram realizados pouco tempo depois da publicação do livro de Mégnin (1894), o primeiro a tratar do tema de forma sistemática, e chamaram a atenção por postura crítica e seu esforço em desenvolver métodos adequados às condições locais do Brasil.O desenvolvimento da Entomologia Forense no Brasil tem sido facilitado pela sólida tradição brasileira no estudo de insetos das Ordens Diptera e Coleoptera. Outros grupos de insetos também são relevantes para a Entomologia Forense, mas as moscas e os besouros são os mais importantes, especialmente em casos envolvendo morte. Devido à sua importância na medicina, na saúde pública, na veterinária e na . The history of the development of forensic entomology in Brazil, its current status and perspectives are reviewed. Those studies in Brazil began in 1908 with the pioneer works conducted by Roquette-Pinto and Oscar Freire, who noted the high diversity of the native fauna of necrophagous insects and the impossibility of direct application of the methods developed in Europe. In the last two decades, forensic entomology advanced rapidly in Brazil, but there still are some important limitations, especially in relation to the taxonomy, biology and ecology of necrophagous insects and the lack of interaction between researchers and police investigators. Today there are in Brazil over 20 researchers involved with forensic entomology and tens of police investigators with some training in this field. Guidelines for the development of this field of investigation in Brazil are also presented.KEYWORDS. Forensic taphonomy; history; necrophagous insects. . Apresentamos uma história do desenvolvimento da Entomologia Forense no Brasil e uma avaliação do estado da arte e perspectivas. Esses estudos no Brasil iniciaram-se em 1908 com os trabalhos pioneiros de Roquette-Pinto e Oscar Freire, que notaram a grande diversidade da fauna de insetos necrófagos e a impossibilidade de aplicação direta de métodos desenvolvidos na Europa. Nas últimas duas décadas a Entomologia Forense tem avançado rapidamente no Brasil, mas ainda existem lacunas importantes no conhecimento, especialmente com relação à taxonomia, biologia e ecologia dos principais grupos de moscas e besouros necrófagos e também falta de integração entre os entomologistas e a polícia judiciária. Atualmente existem no Brasil mais de 20 pesquisadores desenvolvendo pesquisas relacionadas com Entomologia Forense e alguma...
A new potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist was identified in blotter papers by several state level forensic laboratories in Brazil. The 25I-NBOH is a labile molecule, which fragments into 2C-I when analyzed by routine seized material screening gas chromatography (GC) methods. GC–mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight-MS, and Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were performed to complete molecular characterization. Individual doses range from 300 to 1000 μg. Despite its being a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist, 25I-NBOH is neither registered in the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) nor classified as a scheduled substance in most countries. Sweden and Brazil seem to be the only countries to control 25I-NBOH. To our knowledge, this is the first scientific report dealing with identification of 25I-NBOH in actual seizures.
The first case of application of forensic entomology in the Brazilian Amazonia is described. The corpses of 26 men were found in the rainforest in Rondonia State, Brazil. Fly larvae collected on the bodies during autopsy were identified as Paralucilia fulvinota (Diptera, Calliphoridae). No data or specimens were collected at the crime scene. At the laboratory, the larvae developed into pupae in 58 h and into adults in 110.5 h. The total development time for P. fulvinota was measured in field experiments inside the forest. The age of the larvae when collected from the bodies was estimated as the difference between the time required for them to become adults and the total development time for this species. The estimated age of the maggots and the minimum postmortem interval was 5.7 days.
The levels of cocaine (COC) and its metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and cocaethylene (COE) in wastewater samples from Brasilia, Brazil, were determined using liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole-time-offlight mass spectrometry. The former metabolite was used to estimate cocaine consumption using a country-tuned correction factor that considers BE excretion rates for different routes of administration as well as the fraction of crack users in Brazil. A day-today analysis during a week indicates higher cocaine use in weekends with peaks on Sunday in both southern (7385±121 mg day-1 1000 inhab-1) and northern (3566±171 mg day-1 1000 inhab-1) areas of Brasilia. A significant high cocaine use was also observed in the Carnival Day of 2018 (6229±219 mg day-1 1000 inhab-1). COE/BE ratios were used to assess COC and alcohol co-consumption since COE is produced during the co-consumption of both substances. Higher ratios were also observed during the weekend. However, higher ratios on Saturdays rather than Sundays may be explained by the decrease of BE excretion during the co-consumption with alcohol, which may lead to an underestimation of the cocaine use estimates on Saturdays, as well as by different patterns of co-consumption by powder and crack users, where the latter usually drink lower amounts of alcohol. Our data suggest that only 3% of cocaine was seized by the local Technical Police during the study.
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