clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01448642.

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Background: Cardiogenic shock is a clinical condition of inadequate tissue perfusion due to cardiac dysfunction. The most common etiology is ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leading to left ventricular failure, but it may also be caused by mechanical complications such as acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal rupture or rupture of the left ventricular free wall. Despite therapeutic advances, mortality rates remain high. Methods: Retrospective, observational, single-center study, including consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI and cardiogenic shock treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary hospital specialized in cardiology. The primary objective was to evaluate in-hospital clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 78 patients were included, most of them were male (67.9%), mean age was 67.5 ± 13,4 years and 41.0% were diabetic. Primary PCI was performed in 46.2% of the patients, rescue PCI in 25.6% and elective PCI in 28.2% of the cases. The most frequently involved arteries were the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery, with 44.9% each. Intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 32.1% of cases and glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa inhibitors in 30.8% of the cases. The incidence of acute renal failure was 61.5%. The need for reintervention was observed in 9.0% and the rate of acute/subacute thrombosis was 3.8%. Death due to cardiogenic shock was observed in 46.2%. Conclusions: Cardiogenic shock remains a frequent and serious condition with almost 50% of in-hospital mortality despite the therapeutic advances.

In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients Submitted to Circulatory Support with Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump During High Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: InCor RegistryBackground: The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been used for decades as a circulatory support device, being recommended in most guidelines, despite poor evidence of mortality reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of IABP as an adjunct therapy in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Single center registry analyzing in-hospital outcomes of 134 consecutive patients submitted to IABP during high risk PCI or in the presence of cardiogenic shock. Results: Mean age was 64.7 + 12.5 years and 67.9% were males. The population presented high-risk features, with 33.5% of diabetic patients, 73.1% treated in the presence of myocardial infarction, 68.6% with three-vessel disease and left ventricular ejection fraction of 38.6 + 16.1%. TIMI 2/3 flow was obtained in 86.4% of the cases and 1.6 + 0.6 lesion/patient was treated. There were 18 (13.4%) reinfarctions, of which 9 (6.7%) were due to stent thrombosis, 2 (1.4%) patients were referred for CABG and 16 (11.9%) for a new PCI. Hospital mortality was 61.2% and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 67.2%. By multivariate analysis, predictors of mortality were: age > 65 years, prior PCI, need of dialysis and three-vessel disease. Predictors of survival were: normal ventricular function, TIMI 2/3 flow at the end of the procedure and IABP utilization > 72 hours. Conclusions: Patients RESUMO Introdução: O balão intra-aórtico (BIA) é utilizado há décadas como dispositivo de assistência circulatória, sendo recomendado na maioria das diretrizes, apesar da fraca evidência em relação à redução da mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso do BIA como ferramenta adjunta na intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Métodos: Registro unicêntrico que analisou a evolução hospitalar de 134 pacientes consecutivos que utilizaram BIA durante ICP de alto risco ou na vigência de choque cardiogênico. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 64,7 + 12,5 anos e 67,9% eram do sexo masculino. A população apresentou características de alto risco, com 33,5% de diabéticos, 73,1% tratados na vigência de infarto do miocárdio, 68,6% com padrão triarterial, e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo de 38,6 + 16,1%. Fluxo TIMI 2/3 foi obtido em 86,4% dos casos, sendo tratada 1,6 + 0,6 lesão/paciente. Ocorreram 18 (13,4%) reinfartos, dos quais 9 (6,7%) por trombose do stent, sendo 2 (1,4%) pacientes encaminhados para cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica e 16 (11,9%), para nova ICP. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 61,2% e a taxa de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) foi de 67,2%. Por análise multivariada, foram preditores de mortalidade: idade > 65 anos, ICP prévia, necessidade de diálise e padrão triarterial. Os preditores de sobrevida foram: função ventricular normal, fluxo TIMI 2/3 ao final do procedimento e permanência do BIA > 72 horas. Conclusões: Os pacientes que utilizaram BIA d...