Necrotrophic parasites of above-ground plant parts survive saprophytically, between growing seasons in host crop residues. In an experiment conducted under field conditions, the time required in months for corn and soybean residues to be completely decomposed was quantified. Residues were laid on the soil surface to simulate notill farming. Crop debris of the two plant species collected on the harvesting day cut into pieces of 5.0cm-long and a 200g mass was added to nylon mesh bags. At monthly intervals, bags were taken to Reis, E. M.; Baruffi, D.; Remor, L; Zanatta, M. Decomposition of corn and soybean residues under field conditions and their role as inoculum source. Summa Phytopathologica, v.37, n.1, p.65-67, 2011.Keywords: parasitas necrotróficos, restos de cultura, tempo de decomposição.Palavras-chave adicionais: necrotrophic parasites, crop residues, time of decomposition. RESUMOPa rasi tas nec rotrófi cos de órgã os aéreos s obrevivem saprofiticamente, na esntre-safra, nos restos culturais dos hospedeiros. Em experimento conduzido no campo quantificou-se o tempo, em meses, para a decomposição dos restos culturais do milho e da soja, posicionados na superfície do solo simulando o plantio direto. Os restos culturais das duas espécies foram coletados no dia da colheita mecânica, cortados em peças de 5,0cm de comprimento e uma massa de 200 g ac ond icionada em rec ipientes de malha de n áilon. Mensalmente foram removidos do campo e levados ao laboratório Reis, E. M.; Baruffi, D.; Remor, L; Zanatta, M. Decomposição dos restos culturais do milho e da soja sob condições de campo e sua função como fonte de inóculo primário. Summa Phytopathologica, v.37, n.1, p.65-67, 2011.the laboratory for weighing. Corn residues were decomposed within 37.0 months and those of soybean, within 34.5 months. Hw main necrotrophic fungi diagnosed in the corn residues were Colletotrichum gramicola, Diplodia spp. and Gibberella zeae, and those in soybeans residues were Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum spp, Glomerella sp. and Phomopsis spp. Thus, those periods shoulb be observed in crop rotation aimed at to eliminating contaminated residues and, consequently, the inoculum from the cultivated area.aonde se procedeu a pesagem. Demonstrou-se que os restos culturais do milho foram mineralizados num tempo de 37 meses e os da soja em 34,5 meses. Os principais fungos necrotróficos parasitas diagnosticados em resíduos de milho foram Colletotrichum gramicola, Diplodia spp. e Gibberella zeae, e nos restos culturais da soja Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum spp, Glomerella sp e Phomopsis spp. Pode-se inferir que estes são os tempos a serem observados na rotação de culturas visando à redução dos restos culturais e conseqüentemente do inóculo na área cultivada.
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