Outdoor sports are nowadays often called extreme or high-risk sports. The aim of the study was to analyse the injury incidence of the activities and sports that are taught by the Outdoor Sports Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University. The research sample was created by students and teachers who participated on the courses organised by Outdoor Sports department during six years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). We analysed the number and type of injuries. The data were compared by quantifying the injury incidence and objectively grading the injury severity using the NACA score per 1000 hours of sporting participation. The examined sports were: alpine skiing, cross country skiing, snowboarding, freeride and skitouring, water touring, wild water sports, seakayaking, climbing and bouldering, cycling, orienteering, games in nature, exercise

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine Czech traditions of outdoor games and sports, turistika activities and education in nature programmes, which have continued to develop during periods of oppression and provided opportunities to preserve the Czech culture.Design/methodology/approachA review of the historical, cultural and political context of education in nature traditions in Czech was proposed.FindingsLate 19th century organisations such as the Turistický klub and Sokol were instrumental in developing a range of indigenous turistika activities involving active movement. The early 20th century influences were the Czech scouting movement, summer camps and Woodcraft. Charles University provided the first tertiary outdoor educational programmes in Prague in the 1950s. Their foundation course “Turistika and Outdoor Sports” is still compulsory for all students studying physical education and sport. Turistika activities and outdoor sports and games continued to be developed throughout the liberalization of the socialist regime in the 1960s.Practical implicationsFollowing the Prague Spring in 1968, and under the guise of the Socialist Youth Union organization, new experimental forms of outdoor education emerged.Social implicationsSince the Velvet Revolution in 1989 organisations have reconnected with Czech outdoor traditions that flourished before 1948 and other organisations have developed education in nature programs. The commercial sphere, which did not exist before 1989, has now been established in the outdoor area. However, traditional participation in turistika activities has been impacted by other external motivations as a broader range of opportunities have become available and accepted, and tourism outside of Czech and Europe has become increasingly popular and accessible.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is to provide an overview of Czech political and cultural history and how it has shaped people's relationship, particularly children and youth, with the outdoors.