No abstract

This study presents an analytical model for assessing reinforced simply supported beams based on recommendations of the Brazilian Concrete Norm (NBR-6118) and a study published by the International Federation of Concrete (fib). Rectangular and “T” sections are only considered in this study. The beam’s deformation depicted the diagram of moment curvature in regard with the limits of materials deformation in the elastic state is also explored. The results obtained by both Norms were complement with each other, revealing great similarity. Furthermore, destructive tests of reinforced beams made in the laboratory were compared with those obtained by the analytical model, showing excellent performance of the proposed model. The objective of this publication is the presentation of the analytical model. Analysis of comparing the results between the analytical model and from field tests were presented in another publication that will be mentioned in this study.

Petroleum production always comes accompanied by some contaminants, including CO2. Recent pre-salt exploration in Brazil indicates significant carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration levels. Whereas in post-salt areas a ratio of 1 to 2% in CO2 concentration was observed, in the pre-salt area this molar ratio increased to 15 to 20% in relation to the gas phase, and were even higher in some cases. Several challenges have emerged in the production, treatment and disposal of oil with such high levels of CO2. The aim of this study is to show the management of CO2 in a pre-salt producing platform whose CO2 content is about 18% molar in the gas phase. The focus is on the operational aspects of daily production, where theoretical analyses are compared with the data observed in the field. Scenarios of production, injection, treatment and export are presented with emphasis on the aspects of flow assurance, the characterization of fluids, the integration of the injection-production-export system, and the dilution of CO2.