Atherosclerosis results in the narrowing of arterial blood vessels and this causes significant changes in the endogenous shear stress between healthy and constricted arteries. Nanocontainers that can release drugs locally with such rheological changes can be very useful. Here, we show that vesicles made from an artificial 1,3-diaminophospholipid are stable under static conditions but release their contents at elevated shear stress. These vesicles have a lenticular morphology, which potentially leads to instabilities along their equator. Using a model cardiovascular system based on polymer tubes and an external pump to represent shear stress in healthy and constricted vessels of the heart, we show that drugs preferentially release from the vesicles in constricted vessels that have high shear stress.

The basic concept of allosteric cooperativity used in biology, chemistry and physics states that any change in the intermolecular host-guest interactions operating in multisite receptors can be assigned to intersite interactions. Using lanthanide metals as guests and linear multi-tridentate linear oligomers of variable lengths and geometries as hosts, this work shows that the quantitative modeling of metal loadings requires the consideration of a novel phenomenon originating from solvation processes. It stepwise modulates the intrinsic affinity of each isolated site in multisite receptors, and this without resorting to allosteric cooperativity. An easy-to-handle additive model predicts a negative power law dependence of the intrinsic affinity on the length of the linear metallopolymer. Applied to lanthanidopolymers, the latter common analysis overestimates cooperativity factors by more than two orders of magnitude.

This work illustrates the use of basic statistical mechanics for rationalizing the loading of linear multitridentate polymers with trivalent lanthanides, Ln(III), and identifies the specific ionic sizes of europium and yttrium as promising candidates for the further design of organized heterometallic f–f′ materials. Using [Ln(hfac)3] (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) as lanthanide carriers, the thermodynamically controlled formation of Wolf type-II lanthanidopolymers [{Ln(hfac)3}m(L4)] is modeled with the help of two simple microscopic descriptors: (i) the intrinsic affinity of Ln(III) for the tridentate binding sites fN3(Ln) and (ii) the intermetallic interactions ΔE1–2(Ln,Ln) operating between two occupied adjacent sites. Selective complexation (fN3La << fN3Eu > fN3(Y)) modulated by anticooperative interactions (ΔE1–2(La,La) ≃ ΔE1–2(Eu,Eu) > ΔE1–2(Y,Y) ≈ 0) favors the fixation of Eu(III) in semiorganized lanthanidopolymers [{Eu(hfac)3}m(L4)] displaying exploitable light-downshifting.

The binding of lanthanide containers [Ln(-diketonate)3dig] (dig = 1-methoxy-2-(2methoxyethoxy)ethane) to aromatic tridentate N-donor ligands (L) in dichloromethane produces neutral nine-coordinate heteroleptic [LLn(-diketonate)3] complexes, the equilibrium reaction quotients of which vary with the total concentrations of the reacting partners. This problematic drift prevents the determination of both reliable thermodynamic stability constants and intrinsic host-guest affinities. The classical solution theory assigns this behavior to changes in the activity coefficients of the various partners in non-ideal solutions and a phenomenological approach attempts to quantitatively attribute this effect to some partition of the solvent molecules between bulk-innocent and contact-non-innocent contributors to the chemical potential. This assumption eventually predicts an empirical linear dependence of the equilibrium reaction quotient on the concentration of the formed [LLn(-diketonate)3] complexes, a trend experimentally supported in this contribution for various ligands L differing in lipophilicity and nuclearity and for lanthanide containers grafted with diverse beta-diketonate co-ligands. Even if the origin of the latter linear dependence is still the subject of debate, this work demonstrates that this approach can be exploited by experimentalists for Introducing eqn (4) into eqn (2) yields eqn (5) where ,M 1,1,eq Q L is the experimentally accessible reaction quotient, which is (very) often mistaken by coordination chemists for the thermodynamic stability constant ,M 1,1

This work demonstrates how the thermodynamic loading of monodisperse polymeric single-stranded multi-tridentate receptors of variable lengths is controlled by the nature of the metallic carrier Ln(hfac)3 (Ln is La, Eu or Y, and hfac is hexafluoroacetylacetonate). Whereas the intrinsic affinity of the tridentate binding site is maximum for medium-sized Eu(3+) and decreases for Y(3+), the contraction of the hydrodynamic radius of the polymer upon metal loading induces positive allosteric cooperativity for the smaller cations. The origin of this behaviour is rationalized within the frame of intermetallic dipole-dipole interactions modulated by the solvation potential of dipolar solutes in dielectric materials. Positive cooperativity produces local high-density of metal ions along the ligand strands (metal clustering) with potential interest in energy migration and sensing processes.