SUMMARY:Pequi is an indigenous word that means "thorny covering" and is used to describe fruits from the Caryocar spp. These fruits are widely consumed as food and used in traditional medicine by Brazilians in the savannah (Cerrado biome) and the Amazon region. The fruit is rich in lipids, mainly oleic acid, and other bioactive substances including carotenoids, phenolics, and tocopherols. The oil extracted from the pulp or "almond" (seed) has a high local socioeconomic impact and is associated with nutritional and therapeutic benefits. A wide array of health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial effects, improved cardiac function, as well as an increased lymphocyte-dependent immunity have been attributed to the pequi fruit, especially its pulp. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the edible parts of pequi fruits (pulp and almond), more specifically the oil produced from these parts, as a source of functional compounds with biological activity. Moreover, it considers the differences among the three more commercially-important species from the genus Caryocar. KEYWORDS: Bioactive compounds; Caryocaraceae; Fruit; Health benefits; Oleic acid RESUMEN:Compuestos bioactivos y funcionalidad potencial del pequi (Caryocar spp.), fruta nativa brasileña. Revisión. Pequi es una palabra indígena que significa "piel espinosa" y es utilizada para describir los frutos de Caryocar spp. Estos frutos son ampliamente consumidos como alimentos y son utilizados en la medicina popular por los brasileños ubicados en el Savannah (bioma Cerrado) y en la región amazónica. La fruta es rica en grasas, ácido oleico y otros bioactivos, incluyendo carotenoides, fenoles y tocoferoles. El aceite procedente de la pulpa o de la almendra (semilla) tiene un importante impacto socioeconómico local y está asociado con beneficios nutricionales y terapéuticos. Una amplia gama de beneficios para la salud tales como antioxidante, antiinflamatorio, antitumoral, antimicrobiano, mejora de la función cardíaca, así como el aumento de la inmunidad linfocitaria han sido atribuidas a la fruta, especialmente a su pulpa. Esta revisión proporciona una descripción exhaustiva sobre las partes comestibles de la fruta del pequi (pulpa y almendra), más específicamente del aceite producido a partir de estas partes, como una fuente de compuestos funcionales con actividad biológica. Además se consideran las diferencias encontradas entre las tres especies comerciales más importantes del género Caryocar.
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