From 1974 to 1997 elasmobranchs caught by longliners based in Santos City, São Paulo State, Brazil, have been identified and the biology of some of the species has been studied. The fleet has fished since 1968, and in 1996 comprised 16 boats operating in the area 17–35ºS,27–52ºW. Since 1977 yields of sharks have shown an increasing trend, reaching ~60% of the longline total catch in 1993. Blue shark (Prionace glauca) was the main species and responsible for about 30% of the total catch of the Santos longliners. The 33 shark and 2 ray species identified belonged to the following families and genera: Alopiidae (Alopias), Carcharhinidae (Carcharhinus, Galeocerdo, Prionace) Hexanchidae (Heptranchias, Hexanchus), Lamnidae (Isurus, Lamna), Megachasmidae (Megachasma), Odontaspididae (Carcharias, Odontaspis), Pseudocarchariidae (Pseudocarcharias), Rhincodontidae (Rhincodon), Sphyrnidae (Sphyrna), Squalidae (Squaliolus, Etmopterus, Isistius), Dasyatidae (Dasyatis) and Mobulidae (Mobula). Abundance, reproduction and other biological aspects of some of the species are presented. Resumo. Estudou-se os elasmobrânquios capturados pelos atuneiros sediados em Santos. Esta frota, que utiliza o espinhel como arte de pesca, vem pescando desde 1968 no sudeste e sul do Brasil, sendo que em 1996 haviam 16 barcos, operando na área 17-35ºS,27-52ºW. Desde 1977 a produção de tubarões apresentou tendência crescente, atingindo 60% do total da captura em 1993. O cação-azul (Prionace glauca) foi o principal responsável pelo aumento das capturas de tubarões, representando cerca de 30 % do total da captura dessa frota. Identificou-se, no período de 1974 a 1997, 33 espécies de tubarão e duas de raia, pertencentes às seguintes famílias e gêneros: Alopiidae (Alopias), Carcharhinidae (Carcharhinus, Galeocerdo, Prionace) Hexanchidae (Heptranchias, Hexanchus), Lamnidae (Isurus, Lamna), Megachasmidae (Megachasma), Odontaspididae (Carcharias, Odontaspis), Pseudocarchariidae (Pseudocarcharias), Rhincodontidae (Rhincodon), Sphyrnidae (Sphyrna), Squalidae (Squaliolus, Etmopterus, Isistius), Dasyatidae (Dasyatis) and Mobulidae (Mobula). Apresentam-se análises da pesca, da reprodução e de outros aspectos biológicos de algumas espécies.

Fishing tourism is growing steadily in Brazil. Artisanal fishers meeting the demand for recreational fishing are capturing live juvenile shrimp in the estuaries and selling them for live bait, preventing the recruitment of a larger contingent into the ocean. This study compares the efficiency of using lambari, Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, as live bait with the shrimp, Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, while fishing for common snook (Centropomus spp.), as well as to evaluate the swimming behaviour of D. iguape in different salinities. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the live baits used (P. schmitti vs D. iguape). The month, the period of the day and salinity presented differences. The size of the species did not depend on the type of bait used. There was no statistical difference in swimming behaviour, but there was a trend of increased speed and displacement in the group exposed to a salinity of 10 g/L. In conclusion, D. iguape appears as effective as P. schmitti and can be successfully used as live bait; and from an ecological point of view, it reduces the impact of fishing on juvenile shrimp.

This study was carried out with groups of extractivists of mangrove oysters in the estuary of Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil, between the years 1999 and 2007 with the objective to evaluate and compare trends in the sustainability of this activity, in a multidimensional and integrated way, in social, economic, ecological, technological and ethical dimensions, using the method RAPFISH. The different groups had distinct trends related to sustainability and the social, technological and ethical dimensions had more influence on trends in sustainability than the ecological and economic dimensions. The group with the best performance in the sustainability assessment was Mandira, due to advances promoted by local social organization. On the other hand, the Porto Cubatão group showed the worst performance, once this is very recent group in the extractivism of oysters. The RAPFISH proved to be a useful tool for data assessment.Keywords: sustainability, Crassostrea spp., mangrove oyster, extractivism, fishery. Avaliação Multidimensional de sustentabilidade do extrativismo da ostra de mangue Crassostrea spp. no estuário de Cananéia, São Paulo, BrasilResumo O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido junto aos grupos de extrativistas de ostra em Cananéia, SP, entre os anos de 1999 e 2007 e teve o objetivo de avaliar e comparar as tendências relativas à sustentabilidade dessa atividade, de forma multidimensional e integrada, nas dimensões social, econômica, ecológica, tecnológica e ética, utilizando o método RAPFISH. Os diferentes grupos estudados apresentaram dististas tendências relativas à sustentabilidade e as dimensões social, tecnológica e ética exerceram maior influência sobre as tendências da sustentabilidade, do que as dimensões ecológica e econômica. O grupo com melhor desempenho na avaliação de sustentabilidade foi o do Mandira, em razão dos avanços promovidos pela organização social local, no extremo oposto posicionou-se o grupo do Porto Cubatão, em razão do grupo ser muito recente no extrativismo de ostras. O Rapfish se mostrou uma ferramenta útil no equacionamento dos dados.Palavras-chave: sustentabilidade, Crassostrea spp., ostra de mangue, extrativismo, pesca.

Sport fishing is a growing segment in the fishing sector in Brazil. It is, however, an activity that depends upon young shrimp and fish offer to supply live bait demand, its extraction might result on overfishing and compromise natural stock. The intensive cultivation in water recirculation system is a worldwide trend for aquaculture, which, in addition to increasing productivity, minimizes the impact of effluent emission on the environment, reinforcing sustainability. This study analyzed the economic viability of establishing farms for the cultivation of lambari (Deutorodon iguape) in water recirculation system to meet the market demand of sport fishing for live baits. Twelve fiberglass tanks with a volume of 1500 L and a unit area of 1.32 m 2 (production units-PU) were installed in a total area of 130m 2. There were also six fiberglass tanks of 2,000 L capacity each, filled with water and 600 kg of clamshells acting as biological filter. Three production cycles were performed, each lasting 60 days. In each cycle 10,800 D. iguape fingerlings were added, acquired from local fish farming, at a 600 fish m-3 density, totalizing 900 fish per PU, with medium size and weight of 10 ± 1.2 mm e 1.1 ± 0.29 g. We used the following indicators: modified internal rate of return (MIRR), net present value (NPV), annualized net present value (ANPV) and payback period (PP). The best scenario, with 90% survival rate and unitary selling prices of US$ 0.30, showed MIRR 33.19%, NPV (10%) US$ 42,174.03, ANPV (10%) US$ 6,863.63 and PP 0.9 years, demonstrating be interesting the production of live baits in the conditions proposed in this study.