No abstract

In the course of our investigations of new sources of higher plant lipids, seed fatty acid compositions and the tocochromanol contents of Salvia bracteata, S. euphratica var. euphratica, S. aucherii var. canascens, S. cryptantha, S. staminea, S. limbata, S. virgata, S. hypargeia, S. halophylla, S. syriaca and S. cilicica were investigated using GLC and HPLC systems. Some of the species are endemic to Turkey. All the Salvia sp. showed the same pattern of fatty acids. Linoleic, linolenic and oleic acid were found as the abundant components. Tocochromanol derivatives of the seed oil showed differences between Salvia species. γ-Tocopherol was the abundant component in most of the seed oils except of S. cilicica. The total tocopherol contents of the seed oils were determined to be more than the total of tocotrienols.

The plant family Boraginaceae is known to produce a set of unusual fatty acids in the seed oils. In this study, the fatty acid, tocopherol, tocotrienol and plasto‐chromanol‐8 contents of some Onosma species (Onosma sericeum, O. armeniacum and O. polioxanthum) all belonging to sect. Onosma, Anchusa leptophylla subsp. leptophylla, Alkanna froedini and Paracaryum stenophyllum were determined. Some of the studied species are endemic for Turkey. While oleic, linoleic and alpha linolenic acid are the highest as usual fatty acids, gamma linolenic and stearidonic acids are more variable unusual fatty acids in studied genera patterns and the relative concentrations some of these fatty acids and partly also the tocochromanols in Boraginaceae seed oils are suggested to have chemotaxonomic value in this family. In particular, the presence or absence of chain elongation to erucic acid (22:1) and the presence or absence of Δ6‐methylene‐interrupted polyenoic acids such as γ‐linolenic and stearidonic acid are determined and marked as indicators of taxonomic relationship.

No abstract

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are divided into the group of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). MOH are often found at higher levels in edible oils than in most other foods. According to current knowledge, the sources of contamination are distributed along the entire production chain. Therefore, a systematic investigation of these sources and their contribution to the overall contamination is necessary in order to develop and implement appropriate minimization options. This minimization was a great challenge for manufacturers as results from different laboratories often showed limited comparability using the actual European standard method EN16995:2017 especially in the lower concentration range below 10 mg/kg. To overcome this problem an improved method with a lower limit of quantification at 1 mg/kg was developed and published as a German standard method DGF C-VI 22 (20) “Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) with online coupled LC-GC-FID-method for low limit of quantification.” Precision data of total MOSH and MOAH and of fractions according to the advice of the Joint Research Center was successfully determined in a collaborative trial on different edible oil matrices with a group of 14 experienced laboratories from Germany, Austria and Italy. The collaborative trial was evaluated according to ISO 5725. Total MOSH ranged from 2 mg/kg to 99 mg/kg and total MOAH from 1 mg/kg to 31 mg/kg. Good reproducible relative standard deviations of 12.5 %–20.7 % as well as Horrat values ranging between 1.1 and 2.3 have been achieved for total MOSH. The reproducible relative standard deviation of total MOAH ranged from 12.4 % to 39.5 % with Horrat values between 0.9 to 2.6.