This contribution concerns Chinese biclausal constructions introduced by the existential verb yǒu and including the bare noun rén ‘person, people’ in the pivotal position. Building upon spoken corpus data, I show that the co-occurrence of an individual-level predicate in the coda exerts a coercion on the reading of the pivot which is then interpreted as generic-partitive. I argue that, in such cases, the yǒu-construction is not used to signal referent unidentifiability. Rather, the biclausal pattern allows to prevent the bare noun rén from acquiring the universal interpretation (‘all people’) that it receives by default in the preverbal-subject position. These sentences are used to express the literal existence, namely the existence of a “subtype of people”.
Résumé. La présente étude s'intéresse à l'organisation du discours chez les apprenants sinophones de français L2, en analysant leur maîtrise des procédés syntaxiques associés à la fonction d'introduction référentielle. Cette recherche part du constat que le français et le chinois L1 se servent de stratégies syntaxiques très proches : les francophones recourent massivement à la construction en « il y a » suivie d'une proposition relative, tandis que les sinophones disposent d'une structure présentative dont le premier segment est introduit par le verbe yǒu 'avoir'. Nos données montrent que si les apprenants sinophones utilisent les structures en AVOIR, ainsi que les autres tournures syntaxiques portant la même fonction textuelle, ils n'y recourent que dans une moindre mesure. Une analyse des caractéristiques propres à ces structures nous montre que les apprenants transposent dans la langue cible les principes qui guident la structuration de l'information dans leur L1 -notamment en ne parvenant pas à associer à la structure en AVOIR une fonction pragmatique dont est dépourvue la forme correspondante dans la langue source (leur L1); d'autre part la connaissance métalinguistique de la L2 semble jouer un rôle important dans la mesure où les apprenants rétablissent souvent l'ordre non marqué S-V, même dans des contextes pragmatiquement inappropriés.Abstract. Acquisition of pragmatically motivated syntax by Chinese learners of L2 French. The present study focuses on the discourse organization adopted by Chinese-speaking learners of L2 French, and analyzes how they manage the syntactic patterns that introduce new referential entities into discourse. French and Chinese L1 happen to use for this purpose very similar syntactic strategies: in French the common pattern is the bi-clausal il y a 'there is' construction (from avoir 'have'), while in Chinese new referents are often encoded by a presentational structure whose first segment is introduced by the semantically-related verb yǒu 'have'. Our data show that Chinese-speaking learners do use the HAVE-presentational structures as well as the other syntactic patterns carrying the same textual function, but to a smaller extent. By analyzing the characteristics of these structures we show that Chinese speakers transpose in the target language the same principles that guide the information structuring in their L1 -in particular they fail to link the HAVE-structure to a pragmatic function lacking for the corresponding form in the source language ; secondly the L2 metalinguistic knowledge seems to play an important role in that learners often choose the unmarked S-V word-order, even in contexts that are pragmatically inappropriate.
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