Spanish has been traditionally classified by grammatical descriptions as a language with free variation in terms of Subject-Verb order (SV versus VS), with certain syntactic-semantic and syntactic-pragmatic restrictions governing each order. This supposed free variation appears to be facing resistance in Caribbean Spanish, since available data have demonstrated a tendency towards a more fixed SV order. However, this property has been less researched compared to other properties of the Null Subject Parameter (NSP) (Ortiz-López 2010; Otheguy & Zentella 2012). For this study, 2968 tokens from a corpus recorded in Cuba were coded according to different factors (subject type, NP complexity, unaccusativity), preferring SV order in 91% of the analyzed cases, while there is a sharp distinction between behavior in pronominal versus nominal NP, the unaccusative/unergative distinction was not a significant factor. Little variation was found in cases of subject pronouns and simple or less-heavy noun phrases, evidencing an almost fixed SV order. The results evidence a different typology within the NSP in Cuban Spanish (and possibly Caribbean Spanish), challenging many previous proposals for Spanish, leaving space for typological debate.
ResumenLas cláusulas seudohendidas (SH) y con ser como focalizador (SF) se han estudiado en el español de Colombia, Venezuela, la República Dominicana y Puerto Rico, desde perspectivas dialectales, sociolingüísticas y formalistas. A pesar de que el español de Colombia y de Venezuela son referentes obligatorios en los trabajos sobre el SF, son escasas las investigaciones en torno al Caribe colombiano. Este estudio investiga y analiza patrones de variación sintáctica, pragmática, semántica y social que condicionan el uso de las SF y las SH en el español de Barranquilla, Colombia, mediante datos semi-naturales de PRESEEA-Barranquilla y experimentales, basados en juicios de aceptabilidad perceptiva. Los hallazgos evidencian una aceptabilidad y uso predominante de SF frente a SH. Las SF, contrario a las propuestas previas, son favorecidas en contextos sin contraste explícito. El alto predominio de las SF frente las SH está restringido en algún grado por factores sintácticos [tipos de constituyentes], pragmáticos [-contrastivo /+contrastivo] y semánticos [clase semántica de los verbos], pero con escasa influencia social. El SF se ha ido generalizando en el español de Barranquilla a través de restricciones poco aceptadas en otras variedades colombianas, y con muy poco condicionamiento o estigma social.
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