Retrocaval or circuncaval ureters are rare congenital anomaly, in which the ureter is located posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Usually, patients present symptoms in the 3rd or 4th decade of life due to compression of the ureter by the IVC, with obstruction of the urinary flow and consequent hydronephrosis. Herein we report the case of a 62-year-old patient who underwent ultrasonography to investigate abdominal pain. The patient had bilateral renal lithiasis associated with urinary tract dilation with no obvious obstruction. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated a retrocaval ureter without hydronephrosis.

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Study Type – Prognosis (case series)
Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To report the effect of systemic arterial pressure on erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients in the initial stages of peripheral arterial disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients with a diagnosis of ED in the urology outpatient clinic of the Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil were evaluated in a cross‐sectional, quantitative study. The patients were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function, the ankle‐brachial index, and measurement of arterial blood pressure. Binary logistic regression, log‐likelihood, Pearson chi‐square and likelihood ratio chi‐square and Kruskal–Wallis Test were used for statistical analysis with P < 0.05 being considered acceptable. Fifty‐two patients (mean age 56.63 years) were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Differences were detected between the median grades of ED of patients with differing degrees of chronic arterial insufficiency. Hypertensive patients in the initial stages of peripheral arterial disease had less severe grades of ED than normotensive patients. CONCLUSIONS The progression of ED parallels the development of chronic arterial insufficiency. Systemic arterial hypertension in the initial stages of peripheral arterial disease might protect against ED, but peripheral arterial disease constitutes an aggravating factor for ED, and thus hypertension might exert a paradoxical effect in this stage of the disease.

Although a rare occurrence, this event may occur as a result of self-mutilation among individuals with psychiatric disturbances or due to work-related accidents, iatrogenic injuries or the actions of individuals motivated by jealously, rage and feelings of betrayal. In western societies, most penile amputations are the result of self-aggression during a psychotic episode, the treatment of victims involves resuscitation, stabilization and immediate psychiatric support. The amputated tissue must be preserved under hypothermic conditions. Micro-surgery is currently the most widely employed method for penile replantation. This paper describes a successful case of penile replantation following 5 hours of warm ischemia.

Primary urethral carcinoma is much more common in women than in men due to its association with urethritis. A 65-year-old man presented with a 10-month history of penile induration, obstructive voiding symptoms and hematuria. Urethrocystoscopy showed a solitary mass in the proximal urethra and no bladder involvement. It was performed penectomy without bladder neck excision and regional staging lymphadenectomy of the obturator lymph nodes. Pathological diagnosis revealed adenosquamous cell carcinoma with squamous and glandular components. We described a case of primary mixed glandular-endocrine tumor of the male proximal urethra consisting of adenosquamous cell carcinoma with squamous and neuroendocrine components.