Determinación del efecto de las aplicaciones potásicas en los componentes fisiológicos de dos líneas de batata (ipomoea batatas (l) lam.) En un suelo ácido del departamento de Sucre

The acidity of the soil produces complex interactions on plant growth limiting factors that involve physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, which can manifest in deficiencies of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and toxicity of aluminum, iron, and manganese, which could limit plant growth. Based on the above and in order to contribute to better development of tomato crop in soils with a low nutritional offer and acid reaction of the Santa Clara region (Sucre), the following research has been proposed with five (5) commercial lime dose (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 t ha-1) and its effect on chemical properties, using tomato as an indicator plant. The effect on pH, P, Ca, Mg and K in the soil was evaluated, and in the plant, the yield components were evaluated (weight and dimensions of the fruit, yield). A completely randomized design with three repetitions was used, the information was processed with the statistical software SAS version 9.1. It was found that liming improves soil pH, availability of P, Ca, Mg and K, in the same way, the development and yield of tomato crop with doses of up to 3 t ha-1 of lime on the soil is improved.

En aras de contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria y a la motivación de los pequeños productores de hortalizas del departamento de Sucre (Colombia), se implementó este ensayo bajo la premisa de que el calcio en el suelo contribuye a tener plantas con pared celular mucho más resistentes al ataque fúngico y con ello se disminuye la aparición de enfermedades.  Con base en lo anterior, se estableció este ensayo en cultivo de tomate, en la que se establecieron cinco (5) dosis de calcio (0, 1, 2, 3 y 4 ton.ha-1) y tres repeticiones en un diseño completamente al azar.  Como fuente de calcio se utilizó un producto comercial que contiene 37% de CaO y 5,3% de MgO. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de calcio en los componentes del rendimiento del cultivo del tomate Chonto en condiciones semicontroladas en Sucre – Caribe colombiano. El suelo fue de reacción ácida y de baja oferta nutricional. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. La información fue almacenada en tablas Excel y procesada con el programa estadístico SAS 9.0, se hizo análisis de varianza y de regresión. Se encontró que las dosis 2 y 3 ton.ha-1 favoreció el crecimiento de las plantas de tomate, aumentando dimensiones del fruto, peso del fruto y rendimiento y los modelos que explican esas tendencias son de orden lineal.

Silicon has been used in crop management programs, under the premise that it participates in the hardening of plant cell walls. In this sense, this research has been implemented in order to know how much silicon influences the quality of tomato fruit, given that this element theoretically fulfills metabolic and structural functions in the physiology of plants, for which, in this study, the effect of various doses of silicon on tomato yield was evaluated, using silicon dioxide as a source. The trial was established under a completely randomized design, with four treatments or doses of Silicon (0, 20, 40 and 60 g/plants as SiO2). The silicon was added 20 days before sowing, the crop management was done with cultural practices. Performance components were evaluated. It was found that the silicon fertilization did not influence the yield components, on the contrary, it hints that the applied silicon doses can affect the decrease of the yields of this crop in acid soil conditions.

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