Three pathogenic fungi of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) responsible for dieback disease, identified as Pestalotiopsis clavispora, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, were isolated in the northwestern region of the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The mycelial growth in vitro of these fungi was inhibited by extracts from Lantana hirta, Argemone ochroleuca and Adenophyllum porophyllum, medicinal plants collected in Sahuayo, Michoacán, Mexico. The extracts showed different degrees of inhibition; the most effective were: M5L extract from L. hirta and M6LFr extract from A. ochroleuca, both of which inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of P. clavispora and C. gloeosporioides; and M4LS extract from A. porophyllum, which inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of the three pathogens. The extracts were fractionated by thin layer and column chromatography, and the most active fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major compounds identified in L. hirta extract were Phytol and α-Sitosterol. The compounds identified in A. ochroleuca were Toluene and Benzene, 1,3-bis(3-phenoxyphenoxy)-. In A. porophyllum, the compound identified was Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. These results show the potential of L. hirta, A. ochroleuca and A. porophyllum as a source of antifungal compounds.

The shortage of water and the increasing salinity are the main limiting environmental factors that directly affect the establishment and the development of crops. In this research, phytodesalination capacity of Sesuvium verrucosum was evaluated alone and in combination with agricultural gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) and Polisul-C, in order to remedy a moderately saline soil at greenhouse level and under nonleaching conditions. The treatments studied were the following: T1 (soil), T2 (soil + S. verrucosum), T3 (soil + S. verrucosum + Polisul-C), T4 (soil + S. verrucosum + CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes filled with 8 kg of clay soil with an electrical conductivity of the saturation paste extract (ECe) of 6.21 dS.m -1 were used. Soil samples were analyzed to determine the ECe, and the soluble and interchangeable cations (Na + , K + ,

Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray, like other wild plants of the genus Verbesina, has been used in herbal medicine. There is information for other species of the genus related to their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and isolation of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity. However, there are no reports for V. sphaerocephala, although it has an important presence in the state of Michoacán, México. In this study, the phenolic composition, quantification of rutin, and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts from V. sphaerocephala leaves and flowers were determined. The results showed that all the investigated extracts have high phenolic and flavonoid contents. The flavonoid rutin was identified in all the extracts from V. sphaerocephala by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The V. sphaerocephala extracts showed scavenging activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ radicals (IC50 and 5.83 ± 0.50 and 0.93 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively) as well as relevant antioxidant capacity (51.05 ± 0.36 mg of ascorbic acid/g of dry tissue). The experimental results show that V. sphaerocephala extracts possessed a strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research indicates that V. sphaerocephala could be considered as a potential source of natural compounds from the point of ethnopharmacological usage.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto en la adopción de innovaciones y rentabilidad de las unidades de producción (UP), con el modelo Grupos Ganaderos de Validación y Transferencia de Tecnología (GGAVATT) y calcular los indicadores estadísticos de la red de productores bovinos leche de la región Ciénega de Chapala, Michoacán, y la contribución al desarrollo y fortalecimiento de capacidades tecnológicas en productores de leche cooperantes con los GGAVATT, con área de inf luencia en el Distrito de Desarrollo Rural (DDR) 089 Sahuayo, en 2012 y 2013. Se mapeó una red de 81 nodos y se encontró evidencia de que el nivel tecnológico o índice de adopción de innovaciones (INAI) se adoptan de 8.04 a 12.50 innovaciones. Para los indicadores de redes: grados de entrada, salida, cercanía y densidad de la red, mostraron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05). Las evidencias encontradas indican que los GGAVATT han contribuido al desarrollo de capacidades tecnológicas de los agro-empresarios cooperantes; sin embargo, el impacto en la adopción de innovaciones y rentabilidad de las UP es escaso o nulo, se requiere mayor tiempo de intervención de los técnicos para que los beneficios sean perceptibles.

La fresa es una fruta no climatérica, con una vida postcosecha muy corta. La pérdida de calidad del fruto puede deberse, entre otros factores a daños ocasionados por fitopatógenos. Entre los más comunes se encuentran los hongos causantes del moho gris (Botrytis cinerea), y podredumbre blanca (Rhizopus stolonifer) dos fitopatógenos de gran impacto por su velocidad de crecimiento la cual les permite colonizar la superficie de los mismos ocasionado importantes pérdidas económicas. Una alternativa para el control de los daños por patógenos en frutos postcosecha es el uso de antagonistas microbianos que pueden estar presentes en la planta o el fruto pero en densidades bajas. En este estudio se aislaron bacterias de tejido foliar y frutos de fresa silvestre (Duchesnea indica Andr. Fock) y comercial. Se seleccionaron aquellos aislados que presentaron los mayores porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento micelial de ambos fitopatógenos in vitro. Se aislaron un total de 32 cepas de las cuales 15 provinieron de fresa silvestre y 24 de fresa comercial. Se obtuvieron solo nueve cepas con potencial biocontrolador para uno o ambos patógenos. Los mayores porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento micelial oscilaron entre 67.1% y 81.7% para Botrytis cinerea y 45.5% a 73.2% para Rhizopus stolonifer. Estos fueron obtenidos por cuatro aislados dos obtenidos de fresa silvestre y dos de comercial, todos ellos con capacidad para controlar a ambos fitopatógenos