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The purpose of thestudy was to evaluate the behavioral changes of male and female adultrats exposed to fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM≤2,5) suspended in air pollution during development. Wistar rats aged 7 postnataldayswere exposed to the chamber of an atmospheric particle concentrator. Open field tests and sucrose preference tests were performed to assess the presence of anxiety and depression behaviors. Male rats from the pollution group showed reduced locomotor activity and length of stay in the open field center when compared to the control group. The sucrose preference test showed statistical significance between the pollution and control groups(male+female), and among the males of the pollution and control group.The study concluded thatexposure to PM≤2.5 causes behavioral changes characteristic of depression and anxietyin adult male rats exposed during the developmental period.