Urease is a nickel-dependent amidohydrolase that catalyses the decomposition of urea into carbamate and ammonia, a reaction that constitutes an important source of nitrogen for bacteria, fungi and plants. It is recognized as a potential antimicrobial target with an impact on medicine, agriculture, and the environment. The list of possible urease inhibitors is continuously increasing, with a special interest in those that interact with and block the flexible active site flap. We show that disulfiram inhibits urease in Citrullus vulgaris (CVU), following a non-competitive mechanism, and may be one of this kind of inhibitors. Disulfiram is a well-known thiol reagent that has been approved by the FDA for treatment of chronic alcoholism. We also found that other thiol reactive compounds (L-captopril and Bithionol) and quercetin inhibits CVU. These inhibitors protect the enzyme against its full inactivation by the thiol-specific reagent Aldrithiol (2,2 -dipyridyl disulphide, DPS), suggesting that the three drugs bind to the same subsite. Enzyme kinetics, competing inhibition experiments, auto-fluorescence binding experiments, and docking suggest that the disulfiram reactive site is Cys592, which has been proposed as a "hinge" located in the flexible active site flap. This study presents the basis for the use of disulfiram as one potential inhibitor to control urease activity.
La N-Succinil-L, L-diaminopimelato desuccinilasa (DapE) es una amidohidrolasa dependiente de iones de zinc, homodimérica estricta, que cataliza la descomposición del N-succinil-L, L-2,6-diaminopimelato (NSDAP), en succinato y diaminopimelato (DAP). Reacción que constituye la única fuente de meso-diaminopimelato (mDAP) y L-Lys en la mayoría de las bacterias. DapE es esencial para el crecimiento bacteriano y un blanco farmacológico antimicrobiano. El desarrollo de los inhibidores anti-DapE debe tener en cuenta las propiedades dinámicas de la enzima. Se buscan compuestos que interfieran con la formación del agujero del oxianión, en donde participan grupos de ambas subunidades del dímero, que se acomoda en posición catalítica mediante el cambio conformacional de la enzima de un estado abierto a uno cerrado, después de la unión del sustrato; estabilizando a los intermediarios de reacción y produciendo un descenso en la energía de activación. Con base en el análisis cristalográfico y el acoplamiento del sustrato en DapE que se presenta en este trabajo, se discute el papel de la flexibilidad conformacional de la enzima en la hidrólisis del sustrato. Se observa que tanto el grupo carbonilo del sustrato es susceptible al ataque como una molécula de agua ubicada en el sitio activo y se encuentran cercanos a la trayectoria de ataque, en el ángulo de Bürgi-Dunitz.
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