Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many residency programs to pivot from traditional face-to-face to virtual teaching. The objective of this study was to assess the state of virtual education in Canadian urology programs and gauge interest in a national virtual curriculum. Methods: An electronic 15-item survey was distributed to all 13 Canadian urology programs’ directors and administrative assistants for circulation to residents. Data collection took place over six weeks from September to November 2020. A mixed-methods approach was used, including descriptive statistics and an inductive thematic analysis of responses to open-ended questions. Results: Eleven program directors and 32 residents from all four geographic areas (Atlantic, Ontario, Quebec, Western [MB, AB, BC]) responded to the survey. Overall, 95.3% of respondents indicated a role for virtual education in their program during the pandemic. Most respondents (74.4%) believe there is a significant or very significant role for a virtual national urology curriculum. All program directors indicated they are at least somewhat likely to require resident participation in such a curriculum. Most (90.6%) resident respondents indicated they believe such a curriculum will be at least somewhat important to their learning. Commonly described benefits include exposure to subspecialties, expertise at other institutions, and standardization of teaching. Commonly described barriers include difficulty with engagement, time zone differences, and lack of dedicated time for attendance. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual education has become well-integrated in Canadian urology programs. This study highlights interest in the development of a national virtual urology curriculum and puts forth some key considerations to ensure its success.

ResumoA Ilha do Catalão é uma das oito ilhas que foram unidas por aterro, a partir de 1951, para compor a Ilha do Fundão, onde está localizada a Cidade Universitária da UFRJ – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Do antigo arquipélago, a Ilha do Catalão foi a única que teve mantida sua forma original, sendo ligada ao restante do campus por meio de um tômbolo artificial constituído por aterro, certamente produto da demolição de construções históricas, provavelmente do Centro da cidade. São reconhecidas na ilha ruínas de edificações do século XIX e XX, bem como depósitos de conchas atribuídos a acampamentos de antigos caçadores-coletores. Em sua porção norte foi identificada uma antiga lavra de rocha para cantaria e paralelepípedos. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a mineração e tecer considerações sobre o método de lavra utilizado. Para que isto fosse possível foi feita intensa pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a ilha; realizado o mapeamento geológico na escala 1:1.300; analisados detalhadamente os afloramentos e blocos com marcas de que foram lavrados; medidas as dimensões e espaçamento das marcas de inserção de cunhas e ponteiras para a extração dos blocos rochosos e utilizado o Programa em R, para tratamento estatístico dos dados, de forma a buscar correlações entre as medidas realizadas. Como resultados, sabe-se que, dentre os dois litotipos mapeados na ilha do Catalão, aquele explotado era o metagranitoide equigranular com enclaves deformados de biotita. Essa litologia possui foliação na direção regional NE-SW e mergulho médio de 30º para SSE, bem como dois padrões de faturamento: N60E e N26W. A maior atividade de extração localiza-se às margens da Baía de Guanabara, por onde o material lavrado era transportado por meio de barcaças ou chatas. Além de blocos brutos e paralelepípedos, foi identificada a ocorrência de um bloco com borda boleada (arredondada), indicando acabamento final realizado no local. Uma prospecção no terreno, com o uso de detectores de metais, levou à descoberta de sete ponteiras de ferro fundido para perfuração da rocha e outros objetos que podem ter ligação com os serviços necessários para a lavra. Foram medidos 334 orifícios em blocos e afloramentos, sendo que cada orifício possui em média 7-8 cm de profundidade (eixo maior), largura (eixo menor) média de 3-4 cm e média de abertura no topo de 2-3 cm. O método de lavra utilizado consistia na perfuração manual de afloramentos e matacões da rocha, realizada com ponteiras metálicas. As perfurações eram feitas tanto perpendiculares quanto paralelas à foliação. As medidas não apresentaram grande dispersão de valores. Com a análise estatística foi possível interpretar que a variável espaçamento tem relação inversa com a profundidade, que, por sua vez, relaciona-se com todos os outros atributos. Finalmente, foi encontrada em uma revista de 1918 fotografia onde observa-se que, até aquele ano, os afloramentos ao longo da praia ainda não haviam sido lavrados. No entanto, nunca foram encontradas quaisquer menções à mineração na Ilha do Catalão, sugerindo que esta tenha sido clandestina e ocorrido entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940. A antiga lavra da Ilha do Catalão constitui, portanto, um patrimônio geomineiro extremamente relevante, sendo o único com estas características, grau de preservação e dimensões descrito na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.Palavras Chave: antiga lavra, pedra-de-cantaria, Baía de GuanabaraAbstractILHA DO CATALÃO QUARRY: A FULL REGISTRATION OF A FORGOTTEN MINING IN GUANABARA BAY (RJ). The Island of Catalão is one of the eight islands that were connected by landfill, from 1951, to compose the Island of Fundão, where is located the University City of UFRJ - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. From the old archipelago, the Catalão Island was the only one that had kept its original form, being connected to the rest of the campus by means of an artificial tombolo constituted by landfill, certainly product of the demolition of historical constructions, probably of the Center of the city. On the island are recognized ruins of 19th and 20th century buildings, as well as shell deposits attributed to former hunter-gatherer populations. In its northern portion was identified an old quarry for stonework and paving stones. The objective of this work is to describe the mining and to make considerations about the extraction method used. In order to make this possible, an intensive bibliographical research about the island was carried out; the geological mapping was done on the 1:1,300 scale; the outcrops and stone blocks with marks from which they were worked were analyzed in detail; measured the dimensions and spacing of the insertion marks of wedges and punches used to extract the blocks and applied the R program for statistical treatment of the data, in order to seek correlations between the measurements performed. As results, it is known that, among the two lithotypes mapped on the island of Catalão, the one exploited was the equigranular metagranitoid with deformed enclaves of biotite. This lithology has foliation in the NE-SW regional direction and 30º average dip for SSE, as well as two fracturing patterns: N60E e N26W. The largest extraction activity is located on the shores of Guanabara Bay, where the rock blocks were transported by barges or flatboats. In addition to raw blocks and paving stones, it was identified the occurrence of a block with rounded edge, indicating final finishing done in the place. A field survey with the use of metal detectors led to the discovery of seven cast iron punches for rock drilling and other objects that may be connected to the mining services. A total of 334 punch holes were measured in blocks and outcrops, each hole having an 7-8 cm average depth (major axis), 3-4 cm width (minor axis) and 2-3 cm average aperture at the top. The mining method used consisted of manual drilling of rock outcrops and boulders, carried out with iron punches. The perforations were made both perpendicular and parallel to the foliation. The measurements did not show great dispersion of values. With the statistical analysis, it was possible to interpret that the variable spacing has an inverse relationship with depth, which, in turn, is related to all other attributes. Finally, it was found in a 1918 magazine a picture where it is observed that until that year, the outcrops along the beach had not yet been worked. However, no mention was ever made of mining on the Island of Catalão, suggesting that it was clandestine and occurred between the 1920s and 1940s. The old mining of the Island of Catalão is therefore an extremely relevant mining heritage, unique with these characteristics, degree of preservation and dimensions described in the city of Rio de Janeiro.Keywords: old quarry, stonework, Guanabara bay.

BackgroundCovid-19 cases data pose an enormous challenge to any analysis. The evaluation of such a global pandemic requires matching reports that follow different procedures and even overcoming some countries’ censorship that restricts publications.MethodsThis work proposes a methodology that could assist future studies. Compositional Data Analysis (CoDa) is proposed as the proper approach as Covid-19 cases data is compositional in nature. Under this methodology, for each country three attributes were selected: cumulative number of deaths (D); cumulative number of recovered patients(R); present number of patients (A).ResultsAfter the operation called closure, with c=1, a ternary diagram and Log-Ratio plots, as well as, compositional statistics are presented. Cluster analysis is then applied, splitting the countries into discrete groups.ConclusionsThis methodology can also be applied to other data sets such as countries, cities, provinces or districts in order to help authorities and governmental agencies to improve their actions to fight against a pandemic.

Neste artigo, descreve-se a curta, mas não menos impactante, trajetória do movimento Sleeping Giants, que teve como objetivo combater pela via financeira os grupos conservadores na internet, inicialmente nos EUA, e após seu sucesso em vários países, inclusive no Brasil. O movimento serviu de cortina de fumaça para a introdução da censura pelas grandes corporações da Internet em virtude do seu alinhamento com o Partido Democrata norte-americano e com o globalismo. No Brasil, o principal legado foi a constituição de um Programa de Combate à Desinformação, no Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, em parceria com os veículos da grande mídia nacional.

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