Un ensayo en macetas fue realizado en el campus de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, para evaluar el efecto de la ceniza de cascarilla de arroz, escoria básica de horno cuchara y silicato de potasio, en las propiedades químicas del suelo y en la biomasa del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) cv. ‘Fedearroz 60’, usando material de suelo procedente de un campo arrocero en Aucayacu, Huánuco, Perú. Las dosis fueron calculadas en base a la concentración de silicio biodisponible (SiA) de cada enmienda para lograr 100, 200 y 400 ppm (p / p) de SiA en suelo antes de la siembra, además de testigos sin aplicación de silicio. Se empleó un diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial de 3 × 4 en el que se evaluó la absorción de Si en tejidos, disponibilidad de SiA al final de la campaña, volumen radicular, habilidad de macollamiento, panículas por planta y espiguillas por panícula promedio. Se registraron las variaciones semanales de salinidad y pH en el material de suelo empleado como sustrato, así como las variaciones diarias de temperatura e intensidad luminosa. Se encontró que el silicato de potasio a 200 ppm incrementó sostenidamente el SiA en suelos y el Si en tejido; sin embargo, no hubo influencia en los componentes del rendimiento. La escoria básica también incrementó el SiA en suelos, pero presentó reacciones tóxicas severas en las dosis de 200 ppm y 400 ppm. La ceniza de cascarilla de arroz no influyó significativamente en los parámetros de silicio, ni en los componentes de rendimiento. Se concluyó que para las condiciones de suelo y clima en la que se desarrolló el experimento, el incremento en la concentración de silicio en suelo y tejidos, no influyó en los componentes del rendimiento del arroz. Pese a ello, la escoria presenta una extraordinaria capacidad encalante y la ceniza una gran cantidad de P, K y micronutrientes.
The international growing demand of the avocado (Persea americana Mill.) market, together with the expansion of its agricultural area, requires the increasing of its technification, which makes necessary to have information aboutnutrient absorption in relation to its phenology. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a commercial avocado production field of the farm “Don Ricardo” located on the central coast of Peru, in order to characterize the dynamics of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg). The methodology followed and the results obtained will be the main guide to improve and implement more efficient fertilization strategies that will lead to higher yields and lower production costs in this crop. The experiment included 5 production cycles, from 2014-15 to 2018-19, in 7 phenological stages, collecting according to the crop development, leaves, panicles and fruits. 40 randomized plants were selected from a total of 50 plants marked as sampling area. The results were analyzed using a descriptive statistic, with box diagrams of the concentration of each nutrient by phenological stage. Two graphs per element were generated to represent the leaf dynamic and the fruit dynamic, respectively, including the data taken from the flower. It was concluded that the highest nutrient requirements of avocado were during the flowering, the fruit set and in fruits from 10 mm to 30 mm in diameter. The most abundant form of nitrogen was nitric, and it was accumulated mainly in the productive organs. The phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased as the fruit grew, and calcium and magnesium concentrations in leaves were higher than in fruits.
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