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resumen | El desarrollo económico de Chile en las últimas décadas ha impactado fuertemente el crecimiento de las ciudades y la forma en que las desigualdades sociales se reflejan espacialmente en ellas. Medir con precisión la segregación urbana es, así, relevante, pues además permite diseñar políticas públicas que reduzcan sus efectos negativos. Sin embargo, mediciones previas en Chile tienen limitaciones metodológicas que restringen su validez y comparabilidad. En el presente estudio se utiliza una nueva metodología que combina datos de encuestas con información censal, a fin estimar ingresos de hogares y, con ello, indicadores precisos y estadísticamente robustos de segregación residencial. Adicionalmente, se estima un indicador de segregación que captura de mejor forma el hecho de que los ingresos son una variable continua. Los resultados muestran que la segregación de los más pobres es mayor que la de los más ricos, que aumentó entre 1992 y 2002, y que existe, además, una heterogeneidad importante en la contribución de cada comuna a la segregación en Santiago. palabras clave | áreas metropolitanas, segregación, distribución espacial. ' development abstract | Chile's economic development in recent decades has greatly impacted cities

Rising income inequality has recently come centre‐stage as a core societal concern for rich countries. The diagnosis of the forces driving inequality upwards and their relative importance remain hotly contested, notably with respect to the roles of globalization versus technology and of market forces versus institutions and policy choices. This survey provides a critical review and synthesis of recent research. The focus is on income inequality across the entire distribution, rather than only on what has been happening at the very top. We pay particular attention to include what has been learned from the analysis of micro‐data, to ensure that the coverage is not unduly US‐centric and to analyses of the interrelations between the different drivers of inequality. The marked differences in inequality trends across countries and time periods reflect how global economic forces such as globalization and technological change have interacted with differing national contexts and institutions. Major analytical challenges stand in the way of a consensus emerging on the relative importance of different drivers in how income inequality has evolved in recent decades.

Inequality in the distribution of income and wealth has come to the fore as a core concern across the industrialized world. Here we examine what has happened to income inequality across the rich countries in recent decades. We discuss the range of factors that appear to be driving inequality upwards, notably the role of technological change, globalization, and national institutions and policies. We look at how rising inequality might undermine economic growth and squeeze the middle, and assess the extent to which it has actually done so. We assess whether rising inequality is associated with worsening outcomes and inequalities across various social domains. Finally, we review emerging evidence on the role that rising inequality may be playing in the ‘revolt of the angry’ and rise of populism.

Urban segregation is a widespread phenomenon with profound social implications, and one that presents difficult measurement challenges. Segregation indexes may be affected by scale or zoning biases of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). In this article, we develop a methodology that relies on spatial clustering algorithms to simultaneously cope with both kinds of MAUP biases, and we test it with complete census data for most Chilean cities. We find a robust correlation between segregation and city size, contesting previous claims about the spuriousness of this relationship. We also show that socioeconomic polarization is a widespread phenomenon in Chile and that it is not just a problem of disadvantaged groups’ concentration. Based on these results, we suggest that area-based desegregation policies should be generally reinforced, and complemented in big Chilean cities with housing-mix policies. We argue that using spatially unbiased segregation indexes could improve comparative urban studies.