Phosphonated carbocyclic 2′-oxa-3′-azanucleosides have been synthesized and tested for their antiretroviral activity. The obtained results have shown that some of the compounds were as powerful as azydothymidine in inhibiting the reverse transcriptase activity of the human retrovirus T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 and in protecting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against human retrovirus T-cell leukemia/ lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission in vitro. These data indicate that phosphonated carbocyclic 2′-oxa-3′-azanucleosides possess the necessary requirements to efficiently counteract infections caused by human retroviruses.

3′-Deoxy-4′-azaribonucleosides (15a-d) were synthesized starting from the commercially available (4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline 7. From biological evaluations, 15b and 15d emerged as potent inhibitors of HCV replication on a replicon assay. These findings demonstrate that synthesized pyrrolidine nucleosides represent a new template for antiviral or other biological studies and could be considered for novel combination therapy against HCV infection using nucleoside inhibitors and non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B.

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Phosphoroamidate derivatives of adenine and 5-fluorouracil N,O-nucleoside analogues have been synthesized as potential antiviral prodrugs. In particular, dimethoxyphenyl phosphates, linked via nitrogen to L-leucine methyl ester were studied. The synthesized compounds were also subjected to in vitro evaluation for their RT inhibition. Results show that phosphoroamidate derivatives, in comparison with their corresponding N,O-nucleosides, present a promising antiviral activity, though of micro-molar order.