Descrever marcadores antropométricos, clínicos e dietéticos associados ao risco cardiovascular em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV. MétodosRealizou-se um estudo transversal com 100 indivíduos, adultos, com HIV/Aids, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O risco cardiovascular foi estimado pelo escore de risco de Framingham. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um recordatório de 24 horas e de uma lista de frequência de consumo de alimentos. Para comparar variáveis, foram utilizados o teste t de Student e o teste Qui-quadrado. ResultadosDentre os indivíduos avaliados, 63% eram homens, com idade média de 41,8, DP=9,6 anos, 77% faziam uso de antirretrovirais. Escore de risco de Framingham >10% foi identificado em 53% dos indivíduos. Os principais fatores de risco cardiovascular potencialmente modificáveis identificados foram: lipoproteína de alta densidade baixo (70%), hipercolesterolemia (35%), hipertensão arterial (35%), seguidos de tabagismo (23%) e glicose alta (21%). Indivíduos com escore de risco de Framingham >10% apresentavam uma tendência para consumir dietas mais ricas em colesterol (p=0,720), em sódio (p=0,898), em açúcares/doces (p=0,032) e pobres em fibras (p=0,273), associadas a um maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,053). A avaliação dos hábitos de vida revelou maior prevalência de tabagismo e maior nível de sedentarismo no grupo com escore de risco de Framingham >10, porém não significativos.
The results obtained suggest that a dietary pattern with higher proportion of calcium and fruits/vegetables may protect against abdominal obesity and hypertension in HIV-infected individuals.
A B S T R A C T ObjectiveTo describe the proportion of overweight among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and correlate overweight and highly active antiretroviral therapy with metabolic complications. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome outpatients undergoing nutritional therapy from 2000 to 2006 in a University Health Center. The sample consisted of 393 human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients. Nutritional and medical records were used as a source of data on personal, clinical and biochemical information. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. ResultsSixty-nine percent of the patients were males aging from 26 to 49 years. Overweight and obesity were identified in 49% of this population. The most important metabolic complications were low levels of high-density lipoprotein (70%) and high levels of triglycerides (48%) and cholesterol (40%). Higher body mass index was associated with higher lipid levels and more evidence of insulin resistance. ConclusionThis study demonstrated an important proportion of overweight and obesity among human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients. These results suggest that nutritional interventions and lifestyle modifications may be useful strategies to decrease the cardiovascular risk in this population.
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and receiving antiretroviral therapy now have the same life expectancy as the general population. However, they have a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events because of a complex and polyfactorial vasculopathy, combining the effects of antiretroviral therapy, the HIV virus itself, immune activation, chronic inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Whether people living with HIV infection experience increased vascular aging compared with the general population remains controversial. To summarize current knowledge of the association between HIV infection and aortic stiffness as a marker of vascular aging. This review included 18 clinical studies in adult populations, published between 2009 and 2016, and identified on PubMed/MEDLINE or other databases. Search terms were aortic stiffness, arterial stiffness, vascular aging, pulse wave velocity and HIV. All 18 studies were observational, and compared groups infected (HIV+) and not infected (HIV-) with HIV. Ten studies (55%) reported no significant differences in aortic stiffness between HIV+ groups and age-matched HIV- control groups. The main reported determinants of aortic stiffness were age, blood pressure, smoking, metabolic syndrome and HIV-related variables, including CD4/CD8 ratio, current T-CD4 count < 200/mm and nadir T-CD4+ count < 200/mm. We found discordant results regarding whether HIV+ patients had increased aortic stiffness compared with HIV- controls. However, HIV-related conditions were associated with vascular health. This association has been confirmed in recent prospective studies. There is emerging evidence that HIV itself and immune activity affect vascular health and the large arteries.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e adesão à terapia antirretroviral. MétodosParticiparam do estudo 80 indivíduos infectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Foi administrado questionário de autopreenchimento para avaliar o nível de adesão à medicação, com metodologia de escalas de silhuetas para avaliar a satisfação com a imagem corporal. As aná-lises incluíram estatística descritiva, teste t de Student, Qui-quadrado e estimativa de Odds ratio. ResultadosOs resultados mostraram elevada insatisfação com a imagem corporal tanto entre os homens quanto entre as mulheres (75,0%). A insatisfação corporal foi mais prevalente no grupo com sobrepeso (40,0% vs 15,0%; p=0,041) e entre os indivíduos com queixas de depressão, mas tais diferenças não foram significativas (28,3% vs. 15,0%; p=0,233). No grupo de insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal, 62,0% das mulheres tinham sobrepeso e 58,0% dos homens eram eutróficos. A adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais foi mais prevalente entre as mulheres, em comparação aos homens (77,8% vs 47,7; p=0,006). Existiu uma associação positiva e significativa entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e baixos níveis de adesão (OR=4,69 IC:1,792; p=0,003). ConclusãoEste estudo mostrou associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal, sobrepeso e baixa adesão à terapia antirretroviral. Intervenções que objetivem reduzir a insatisfação com a imagem corporal são recomendadas
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