In drying methods that did not involve a freezing step, good storage stability of Medi 534 vaccine in the dried form was found with low SSA and low vaccine surface accumulation, both of which integrate into low fraction of vaccine at the surface. Ice appears to be a major destabilizing influence.

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Foam drying processing methods with appropriate selection of formulation components can produce an order of magnitude improvement in LAIV stability over other drying methods.

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