resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os determinantes do crescimento das exportações da indústria automotiva brasileira no período de 1999 a 2008. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo Constant-Market-Share, que busca analisar os fatores responsáveis pelo aumento das exportações em um determinado período de tempo. Nesta hipótese, o crescimento das exportações é imputado a três efeitos: crescimento do comércio mundial, destino das exportações e competitividade. A análise foi desenvolvida para três subperíodos: 1999 a 2002, 2003 a 2005 e 2006 a 2008. Os resultados indicaram que, do segundo período com relação ao primeiro, o efeito de maior contribuição para o crescimento das exportações foi o aumento do nível competitivo, e do terceiro período com relação ao segundo, o crescimento do comércio mundial foi o principal efeito. Palavras-chave: Exportações. Competitividade. Constant-Market-Share.1 Os autores agradecem aos pareceristas pelos comentários e sugestões, os quais ajudaram a melhorar este trabalho, no entanto eventuais falhas remanescentes são de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.
abstractThe objective of this paper was to identify determinative of the exportations growth of the Brazilian automotive industry in the period of 1999-2008. For this, the Constant-Market-Share model was used, that seek to analyze the responsible factors for the exportations growth in determined period. In this hypothesis, the exportations growth is imputed the three effects: the world trade growth, the exportations destination and competitiveness. The analysis was developed for three subperíodos: 1999-2002, 2003-2005 and 2006-2008. As result, it presented that, the second period with respect to the first, the effect of bigger contribution for the exportations was the competitive level growth, and of the third period with respect to the second, world trade growth was the main effect.
Focusing on changes in agricultural policy, this paper examines the economic impacts on MERCOSUL member country economies arising from the creation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and a free trade area between MERCOSUL and the European Union (MERCOEURO). Four simulations are run using the Global Trade Analysis Project’s (GTAP) applied general equilibrium model. The results suggest these new trade alliances would cause an increase in MERCOSUL agribusiness production and a decrease in MERCOSUL manufactures production. In all simulations, agricultural trade flows are greatly altered and the exportation of MERCOSUL agribusiness products expands. However, the MERCOSUL countries experience overall economic growth in only the MERCOEURO scenarios. The elimination of agriculture production and export subsidies by members of the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and European Union (E.U.) would have strong economic impacts on the economies of MERCOSUL countries
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