The objective of this research is to analyse the relationship between cultural dimensions and the degree of innovation at the national level. For such, secondary data were collected relating to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and the Global Innovation Index (GII). They were analysed using multiple linear technical regressions based on a sample of 72 countries. The results reveal the existence of three cultural dimensions associated with innovation outputs (technology and creativity): individualism, long-term orientation and indulgence, while a partially supported relationship was encountered for the power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity dimensions. National cultures were also classified as being competitive, planning, hierarchical or benevolent, to distinguish the most innovation-driven cultures. This evidence contributes to the innovation and competitiveness perspective, in which the intrinsic values of a national culture can favour the development of innovation and raise the competitiveness level of both nations and organisations.
Este trabalho contribui para consolidar a pesquisa acadêmica em capacidade de inovação. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, aplicou-se uma metodologia sistemática para revisão da literatura desde 1991. A bibliografia recuperada foi analisada e sintetizada em uma estrutura multidimensional composta de sete fatores determinantes da capacidade de inovação ─ liderança transformadora; intenção estratégica de inovar; gestão de pessoas para inovação; conhecimento do cliente e do mercado; gestão estratégica da tecnologia; organicidade da estrutura organizacional; e gestão de projetos ─ que resultam no desempenho em inovação de produtos e processos. Adicionalmente, fez-se um levantamento das práticas de gestão que caracterizam e embasam os fatores citados. A estrutura de fatores e a de lista de práticas de gestão podem ser utilizadas como base para futuras pesquisas empíricas ou como um guia para melhoria da capacidade da inovação da firma.
This article aims to understand the relationships between small companies and external innovation agents and how they can help strengthening these organisations. A multiple case research method was adopted by the researchers and applied to small companies which presented innovative practices. The data collection included documents, records and interviews with managers/business owners. Such interviews were recorded and coded using the NVivo 10 software. The results showed relationships of trust, partnership and learning. The article contributes to the idea that small companies recognize the importance of external knowledge sources in their business and innovation strategies. Companies believe in these relationships in order to bring essential competencies to their business, and continuously renovate themselves through shared feedback. This in turn leads to the capture of financial and technological resources as well as market and competitive information that strengthens the business and allows it to overcome its limitations.
ResumoApesar do crescente interesse quanto à Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos (GCS) por parte de pesquisadores e profissionais, ainda há uma lacuna na literatura no que tange às metodologias que orientam e apoiam a avaliação da GCS. As metodologias mais desenvolvidas foram fornecidas por empresas de consultoria e apresentam restrições para publicação e uso. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma metodologia para avaliar o grau de adesão das empresas a partir de um modelo conceitual de GCS. A metodologia é baseada na contribuição original de Cooper, Lambert e Pagh e envolve a análise de 11 eixos referenciais que foram estabelecidos por meio de processos-chave de negócios. A aplicabilidade do modelo proposto foi analisada a partir dos resultados de entrevistas com acadêmicos e profissionais, bem como em relação a um estudo de caso desenvolvido em três empresas focais e suas cadeias. Em termos gerais, a metodologia pode ser considerada como um instrumento de diagnóstico que permite às empresas avaliarem a maturidade de suas práticas em GCS. Por meio dessa gestão, as empresas podem identificar e implementar ações para melhorar o grau de aderência ao modelo de referência e usufruir dos benefícios atribuídos à GCS.Palavras-chave: gestão da cadeia de suprimentos; processos dos negócios; iniciativas e práticas de GCS. AbstractDespite the increasing interest in supply chain management (SCM) by researchers and practitioners, there is still a lack of academic literature concerning topics such as methodologies to guide and support SCM evaluation. Most developed methodologies have been provided by consulting companies and are restricted in their publication and use. This article presents a methodology for evaluating companies' degree of adherence to a SCM conceptual model. The methodology is based on Cooper, Lambert and Pagh's original contribution and involves analysis of eleven referential axes established from key business processes, horizontal structures, and initiatives & practices. We analyze the applicability of the proposed model based on findings from interviews with experts -academics and practitioners -as well as from case studies of three focal firms and their supply chains. In general terms, the methodology can be considered a diagnostic instrument that allows companies to evaluate their maturity regarding SCM practices. From this diagnosis, firms can identify and implement activities to improve degree of adherence to the reference model and achieve SCM benefits. The methodology aims to contribute to SCM theory development. It is an initial, but structured, reference for translating a theoretical approach into practical aspects.
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