Current livestock practices do not meet current real-world social and environmental requirements, pushing farmers away from rural areas and only sustaining high productivity through the overuse of fossil fuels, causing numerous environmental side effects. In this narrative review, we explore how the Voisin Rational Grazing (VRG) system responds to this problem. VRG is an agroecological system based on four principles that maximise pasture growth and ruminant intake, while, at the same time, maintaining system sustainability. It applies a wide range of regenerative agricultural practices, such as the use of multispecies swards combined with agroforestry. Planning allows grazing to take place when pastures reach their optimal resting period, thus promoting vigorous pasture regrowth. Moreover, paddocks are designed in a way that allow animals to have free access to water and shade, improving overall animal welfare. In combination, these practices result in increased soil C uptake and soil health, boost water retention, and protect water quality. VRG may be used to provide ecosystem services that mitigate some of the current global challenges and create opportunities for farmers to apply greener practices and become more resilient. It can be said that VRG practitioners are part of the initiatives that are rethinking modern livestock agriculture. Its main challenges, however, arise from social constraints. More specifically, local incentives and initiatives that encourage farmers to take an interest in the ecological processes involved in livestock farming are still lacking. Little research has been conducted to validate the empirical evidence of VRG benefits on animal performance or to overcome VRG limitations.
In society today, there is increasing concern for the welfare of farm animals. New models of rabbit breeding are proposed, such as group housing of rabbit does in a semi-group system or environmental enrichment of individual housing. This work aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance and metabolic aspects of rabbit does housed in collective pens, comparing them to individual cages provided with a platform. Forty-eight animals were distributed in 24 individual cages (40×98×57 cm; width, length and height) and four collective pens (six does per pen; 240×100×65 cm) and remained during four cycles. The does previously housed in collective pens gained less weight and reached lighter weights by the first insemination day (3669 vs. 3872 g; P<0.01), but regained weight over the cycles and had a similar weight during the experiment (4306 vs. 4329 g). It was observed that there was a lower feed intake in the period before delivery in collective pens, which contributed to the lower kit birth weights (57.2 vs. 60.1 g/kit for collective pens and individual cage respectively; P<0.05). There were no differences in perirenal fat thickness, litter size at birth and milk yield, although does housed in collective pens had a lower feed intake (499 vs. 526 g dry matter/d for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.001) and lost more perirenal fat after grouping (-0.05 vs. +0.15 mm for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05), and produced less milk the day after grouping (221 vs. 283 g for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05). In collective pens, a higher number of inseminations to reach a pregnancy (1.43 vs. 1.24 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05) and lower number of weaned (56 vs. 66 for collective pens and individual cage, respectively; P<0.05) kits per doe per year were revealed for does in individual cages. Overall, the use of collective pens prejudiced some parameters and needs to be economically evaluated for adoption on commercial rabbit farms.
ABSTRACT. Egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens fed on low protein diets (14.0% CP) and on different lysine levels is evaluated, while maintaining the same ratio of digestible amino acids / digestible lysine. Four hundred and twenty commercial strain Isa Brown laying hens, 28 weeks old, were divided into 42 experimental plots. A completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replicates was employed in four production cycles of 28 days each. Treatments comprised Control -16.92% CP; 0.750% digestible lysine. Treatments 1 to 5, with CP levels 14% and digestible lysine levels 0.600, 0.675, 0.750, 0.825 and 0.900% respectively. Levels of Treatments 1 and 2 (0.546 and 0.640% digestible Met + Cys / 0.600 and 0.675% digestible lysine) provided smaller egg size. On the other hand, eggs had higher shell percentage when compared to control diet. When compared to other digestible amino acids, digestible lysine requirement may be estimated at 0.750% in a diet with 14% CP, which corresponds to the average daily intake of 876 mg dig. lysine hen -1 day -1 and 798 mg dig. Met + Cys hen -1 day -1 , without jeopardizing performance and eggs' internal and external quality.Keywords: ideal protein, digestible amino acids, Isa Brown, requirement, diet.Níveis de lisina digestível para poedeiras semipesadas e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade dos ovos RESUMO. A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas submetidas a dietas com baixa proteína (14,0% PB) e diferentes níveis de lisina, mantendo a mesma relação aminoácidos digestíveis/lisina digestível. Foram utilizadas 420 poedeiras da linhagem comercial Isa Brown, com 28 semanas de idade distribuídas em 42 parcelas experimentais. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e sete repetições, em quatro ciclos de produção de 28 dias/cada. Os tratamentos foram: Controle -16,92% PB; 0,750% lisina digestível. Tratamentos 1 ao 5, com níveis de PB de 14% e lisina digestível de 0,600; 0,675; 0,750; 0,825 e 0,900%, respectivamente. Os níveis referentes aos tratamentos 1 e 2 (0,546 e 0,640% Met + Cis digestível / 0,600 e 0,675% de lisina digestível) proporcionaram menor tamanho do ovo; em contrapartida os ovos obtiveram maior porcentagem de casca, quando comparados à dieta controle. A exigência de lisina digestível em relação aos demais aminoácidos digestíveis, pode ser estimada em 0,750% em dieta com 14% de PB, o que corresponde ao consumo médio diário de 876 mg lisina dig. ave -1 e 798 mg Met + Cis dig. ave -1 dia -1 , sem comprometer o desempenho e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos.Palavras-chave: proteína ideal, aminoácidos digestíveis, Isa Brown, exigência, dieta.
RESUMOAvaliaram-se os efeitos de dietas simplificadas à base de forragens sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em coelhos Nova Zelândia branco. As dietas experimentais foram: referência (REF), feno de alfafa (FAL), feno das folhas de rami (FRA), feno das folhas de amoreira (FAM) e feno do terço superior da rama da mandioca (FMA). A digestibilidade das dietas foi influenciada pelo tipo de alimento estudado; a FMA apresentou coeficientes de digestibilidade inferiores às demais dietas para todos os princípios nutritivos analisados. Para a dieta FAM, os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos princípios nutritivos foram maiores (P<0,05) que os coeficientes das outras dietas estudadas. Os animais que ingeriram a dieta FAM apresentaram distúrbios digestivos e baixos consumos, com efeito negativo sobre os resultados. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente das demais dietas estudadas foram semelhantes (P>0,05). Os valores estimados de energia digestível (kcal ED/kg MS) e proteína digestível (%PD/MS) foram, respectivamente, para o feno de alfafa: 2285,27 e 16,04; feno das folhas de rami: 1857,88 e 16,37; feno das folhas de amoreira: 2838,48 e 15,12 e feno do terço superior da mandioca: 2155,55 e 10,57. Palavras-chave: coelho, digestibilidade, forragens ABSTRACT The effect of simplified diets based on forages on the apparent digestibility in white New Zealand rabbits was evaluated. The treatments were based on the following diets: reference (REF), hay of alfalfa (FAL), hay of rami leaves (FRA), hay of mulberry leaves (FAM) and hay of upper to 1/3 aereal part of cassava (FMA).
RESUMO. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da associação de carboidrases e fitase em dietas de poedeiras. Foram utilizadas 300 poedeiras Isa Brown com 26 semanas, submetidas aos tratamentos: Controle Positivo: sem enzimas e valorização dos nutrientes; T2: valorização em 1,5 e 6% a EMA (kcal kg-1), do milho e o farelo de soja, respectivamente, e redução nos níveis nutricionais conforme a matriz nutricional para a fitase; T3: valorização da EMA do milho e o farelo de soja (idem T2) e redução nos níveis de cálcio e fósforo conforme matriz nutricional da fitase; T4: T2 suplementado com 100 g t-1 de carboidrases e 30 g t-1 de fitase; T5: T3 suplementado com 100 g t-1 de carboidrases e 30 g t-1 de fitase. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, seis repetições e parcela subdividida no tempo (6 períodos de 21 dias). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre a produção, consumo, peso dos ovos e qualidade dos ovos. A valorização dos nutrientes preconizada com a utilização das enzimas foi eficiente tecnicamente para manutenção do desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas nas condições avaliadas, necessitando de outras pesquisas com maior redução nos níveis energéticos para avaliação do efeito das enzimas sobre a disponibilidade de energia. Palavras-chave: desempenho, qualidade de ovos, enzimas, energia metabolizável, fósforo disponível, valorização de dietas.
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