O trabalho buscou identificar a possibilidade do uso de sensoriamento remoto orbital no monitoramento da qualidade da água na Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis (SC), em especial do parâmetro Clorofila_a e suas implicações à cor da água, propriedade que pode ser avaliada a partir de imagens de satélite. No estudo, procurou-se obter uma correlação entre os níveis de Clorofila_a medidos em amostras de água da lagoa e o padrão de resposta espectral detectado por sensores embarcados no satélite comercial Landsat TM5. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que sistemas orbitais como o Landsat TM5 podem ser utilizados na investigação de parâmetros de qualidade da água que alteram a cor superficial de corpos hídricos e a partir de imagens de satélite é possível obter distribuição espacial da concentração substâncias tais como a Clorofila_a.
The application of pig slurry as a fertilizer can cause soil and water contamination. Intrinsic characteristics of the environment may enhance this effect and influence the vulnerability of the agricultural system. The goal of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of soil P fractions in areas treated with pig slurry and in forest areas and to propose an evaluation of the areas' vulnerability to P contamination. Soil samples were collected from 10 areas with pig slurry applied to the soil and one in forest without a history of pig slurry application, all located in the Coruja and Bonito rivers microbasin at Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Samples were prepared and subjected to P chemical fractionation. Two versions of the P index method, based on soil P forms or only on P extracted by Mehlich-1, were used to evaluate the environmental risk of the studied areas. Estimated soil losses were lower for the forest and natural pasture and highest in areas with black oat ( Schreb.)-corn ( L.) crop cultivation. Concentrations of P fractions, especially of organic and inorganic P extracted by 0.1 and 0.5 mol L NaOH and NaHCO and of inorganic P extracted by anion exchange resin and HCl, were higher in areas with a longer history and higher frequency of pig slurry applications. Vulnerability to P contamination was mainly influenced by soil P concentrations and soil losses in the studied areas. The P index based on Hedley's fractionation P forms resulted in a more accurate risk scoring of the studied areas than the P index based on the concentration of available P extracted by Mehlich-1.
Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de procedimentos adotados na avaliação da suscetibilidade a processos erosivos e movimentos de massa na área de influência direta da usina hidrelétrica Quebra-Queixo, localizada no rio Chapecó, Santa Catarina. Para essa avaliação, empregaram-se recursos de decisão multicriterial suportada em Sistema de Informações Geográ-ficas (SIG). Para compor a decisão multicriterial foram selecionados os critérios relevo, solo e cobertura vegetal, os quais foram subdivididos em onze fatores predominantes. Na associação dos fatores utilizou-se o método da combinação linear ponderada, com pesos e escores atribuídos por consenso técnico. O principal resultado obtido na aplicação dos procedimentos foi um mapa temático com a distribuição espacial das classes de suscetibilidade a processos erosivos e movimentos de massa no entorno do reservatório.Keywords: soil erosion, mass movements, multi-criteria evaluation. ABSTRACTThe paper presents a set of erosion and mass movements susceptibility assessment procedures applied to the area of direct influence of the Quebra-Queixo hydroelectric power plant, located on the Chapecó river, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The susceptibility assessment was based on the use of multi-criteria decision supported by a GIS. For the composition of the multi-criteria decision relief, soil and vegetation cover criteria were used, and were divided into eleven predominant factors. The weighted linear combination method was used in the association of factors, with weights and scores attributed to the method through technical consensus. The main result was a thematic map containing the spatial distribution of the erosive and mass movements susceptibility classes for the hydroelectric power plant's surroundings.
ResumoConsidera-se que o Brasil atualmente esteja na liderança do uso de agrotóxicos no mundo. Tendo em vista a carência de informações sobre os tipos e quantidades de agrotóxicos comercializados no país e sobre a forma como são aplicados nas lavouras, neste trabalho estruturou-se um banco de dados a partir de receituários agronômicos expedidos em uma região agrícola do Estado de Santa Catarina. A análise qualitativa dos receituários mostrou que esses documentos não informam os agricultores sobre o uso adequado e seguro dos agrotóxicos. Em termos quantitativos, verificou-se que os herbicidas constituíram a maior parte dos agrotóxicos receitados e que cerca de um terço do total era constituído por produtos altamente tóxicos. Um número reduzido de profissionais habilitados foi responsável pela assinatura das receitas, o que indica que a maioria dos receituários analisados no estudo não se baseou em um diagnóstico fitossanitário feito diretamente no local da manifestação do problema. Palavras-chave: Receituário agronômico. Saúde pública. Agricultura. USE OF PESTICIDE PRESCRIPTION IN BRAZIL: A CASE STUDY IN THE REGION OF TUBARÃO, SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL AbstractIt is considered that Brazil is currently in the lead of the world pesticide use. Given the lack of information about the types and amounts of pesticides marketed in this country and how they are applied in the crops, in this work was structured a database from data of agronomic prescription forms issued in an agricultural region of Santa Catarina State. The qualitative analysis of the agronomic prescriptions showed that these documents do not inform the farmers about the proper and safe use of pesticides. In quantitative terms, it was found that the herbicides were the most prescribed pesticides and that about one-third of total was highly toxic products. A very small number of legally skilled professionals were responsible for signing the documents. This indicates that the majority of the agronomic prescriptions analyzed in this study were not based on site phytosanitary diagnostic. Keywords:Agronomic prescription form. Public health. Agriculture. USO DE LA PRESCRIPCIÓN DE AGROTÓXICOS EN BRASIL: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN LA REGIÓN DE TUBARÃO -SC ResumenSe considera que Brasil está actualmente en el liderazgo del uso de agrotóxicos en el mundo. Debido a la falta de información sobre los tipos y cantidades de agrotóxicos que se venden en el país y la forma con que se aplican en el campo, este trabajo estructuró una base de datos con informaciones obtenidas en recetas agronómicas expedidas en una región agrícola del estado de Santa Catarina. El análisis cualitativo de las recetas mostró que estos documentos no informan a los agricultores sobre el uso adecuado y seguro de los agrotóxicos. En términos cuantitativos, se ha encontrado que los herbicidas fueron los agrotóxicos más recetados y que alrededor de un tercio del total comercializado era de productos altamente tóxicos. Un pequeño número de profesionales cualificados fue el responsable por la firma de la receta...
The objective of this work was to perform a sensitivity analysis of the main input parameters required for the AquaCrop water balance model, using biomass and grain yield data of a rainfed-simulated corn crop, obtained along the climate data series of 1987-2016 in the South of Brazil. The levels of soil-water stress and the depths of maximum effective rooting were the input parameters that most affected the biomass and grain yields simulated by the model, followed by the crop coefficient, water-use efficiency, soil water storage capacity, and contribution of groundwater to water availability in the root zone. The parameters crop cycle duration, plant density, pattern of soil-water extraction, and field surface practices showed little or no impact on the final results. AquaCrop is a robust water balance model, with small or moderate general sensitivity to variations of the main input parameter values, which makes it applicable to situations with field data limitations.
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