ObjectiveThis study investigated the co-existence of Leishmania chagasi infection and childhood leukemia in patients naïve to treatment; this has serious clinical and epidemiological implications.MethodsThe seroprevalence of L. chagasi antibodies prior to any treatment was investigated in children with clinical features of acute leukemia. Serological tests were performed in 470 samples drawn from under 14-year-old children from different regions of Brazil with clinical suspicion of acute leukemia. Acute leukemia subtypes were characterized by immunophenotyping using flow cytometry. Morphological analyses of bone marrow aspirates were systematically performed to visualize blast cells and/or the formation of L. chagasi amastigotes. Data analysis used a standard univariate procedure and the Pearson's chi-square test.ResultsThe plasma of 437 children (93%) displayed antibodies against L. chagasi by indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Of the 437 patients diagnosed from 2002 to 2006, 254 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 92 had acute myeloid leukemia, and 91 did not have acute leukemia. The seroprevalence of L. chagasi antibodies according to the indirect immunofluorescence assay test (22.5%) was similar in children with or without acute leukemia (p-value = 0.76). The co-existence of visceral leishmanasis and acute leukemia was confirmed in 24 children. The overall survival of these children was poor with a high death rate during the first year of leukemia treatment.ConclusionIn the differential diagnosis of childhood leukemia, visceral leishmanasis should be considered as a potential concurrent disease in regions where L. chagasi is endemic.
A quimioterapia é tratamento padrão inicial para câncer de mama localmente avançado. A correlação entre a resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante e fatores prognósticos pode ser útil nesta doença. De setembro 1996 a dezembro de 1997, 25 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado (UICC - estádio IIIA, IIIB e inflamatório (1), foram submetidas a 4 ciclos de quimioterapia neoadjuvante com doxorrubucina 60mg/m² e ciclotosfamida 600mg/m² a cada 21 dias, mastectomia à Patey e tratamento adjuvante. A reposta clínica e patológica foi correlacionada com marcadores obtidos através de análise imunohistoquímica da biópsia do tumor. Os marcadores analisados foram; receptores hormonais, p53, HER/neu (cerb-B2), MIB, grau nuclear, PCNA. A resposta clínica objetiva foi de 74%. Vinte e um de 23 pacientes (91%) analisadas foram submetidas à cirurgia. Quatro pacientes não apresentavam doença microscópica na mama (19%). Destas pacientes, 2 também não apresentavam doença em linfonodos axilares, enquanto 4 apresentavam doença residual na mama de até 2 cm (19%). Todos os marcadores apresentaram positividade em percentuais elevados. A positividade do p53 e do MIB apresentou correlação com a resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante, porém não alcançou significância estatística. Os resultados iniciais sugerem uma relação entre a positividade do p53 com a resposta clínica e com a resposta patológica, relação esta que não é demonstrada em estudos anteriores. A presença do MIB positivo também esteve associada com uma resposta patológica favorável.
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