ResumoA existência e o significado dos experimentos cruciais são questões que não ostentam consenso na ciência e na filosofia da ciência. Duhem, Popper e Lakatos, por exemplo, apresentam posicionamentos antagônicos entre si e, inclusive, em relação à ideia de instantia crucis explicitada por Francis Bacon no Novum Organum. Este artigo visa resgatar a definição baconiana, reconhecendo que ela faz parte de uma postura filosófica distinta das teses contemporâneas, e discutir algumas concepções de experimento crucial tanto por filósofos da ciência, quanto por alguns estudiosos, como Newton. Ainda, apontar algumas reflexões para o ensino de ciências.Palavras-Chave: Experimentos cruciais; Instantia crucis; Francis Bacon; Filósofos da Ciência. AbstractThe existence and meaning of crucial experiments are issues that do not hold consensus in science and the philosophy of science. Duhem, Popper and Lakatos, for example, present antagonistic positions among themselves and even in relation to the idea of instantia crucis made explicit by Francis Bacon in the Novum Organum. This article aims at rescuing the Baconian definition, recognizing that it is part of a distinct philosophical position of contemporary theses, and discussing some conceptions of crucial experiment both by philosophers of science and by some scholars, such as Newton. Also, point out some reflections for the teaching of sciences.
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