The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The study patients had a diagnosis of VL and were admitted to a tertiary hospital. A multivariate analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for AKI. A total of 224 patients were included. The mean age was 36 ± 15 years. AKI was observed in 33.9% of cases. Risk factors associated with AKI were male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; P = 0.03), advanced age (OR = 1.05; P < 0.001), and jaundice (OR = 2.9; P = 0.002). There was an association between amphotericin B use and AKI (OR = 18.4; P < 0.0001), whereas glucantime use was associated with lower incidence of AKI compared with amphotericin B use (OR = 0.05; P < 0.0001). Mortality was 13.3%, and it was higher in AKI patients (30.2%). Therefore, factors associated with AKI were male gender, advanced age, and jaundice. Amphotericin B was an important cause of AKI in VL.

AKI is a frequent complication in children with VL. The risk factors for AKI were secondary infections, high serum globulin and low serum albumin.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate tubular and glomerular function after visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment with pentavalent antimonials. Methods: This is a prospective study including 14 patients with VL diagnosis treated with pentavalent antimonials. Urine acidification and concentration tests were performed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fractional excretion of sodium (FE_Na) and potassium (FE_K) and free water clearance (C_H2O) were measured to assess glomerular and tubular function. Results: The VL group had a significantly lower FE_K, serum sodium and plasma osmolality (P_osm). No significant differences were found regarding proteinuria, eGFR, FE_Na or C_H2O. Patients in the VL group had lower urinary osmolality (U_osm) before DDAVP use when compared to the control group, as well as a lower U/P_osm. The urinary pH before and after CaCl₂ load was higher in the VL group. Conclusion: This study shows evidence of reversal of some tubular dysfunction in VL, but other dysfunctions may persist, especially urinary acidification capacity.

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