Parsonage Turner Syndrome (PTS) is an acute neuritis involving the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves of the shoulder, that presents with sudden onset of shoulder pain, and progresses to paresis and atrophy of the muscles innervated by the involved segments. The diagnosis relies on clinical history and physical examination combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and electroneuromyography. The MRI is a very important asset in the evaluation of these patients, as it allows the confirmation of PTS diagnosis and excludes other differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. Its findings include acute and chronic denervation, and possible alteration of the brachial plexus or involved peripheral nerves signal. PTS has a good prognosis requiring only support treatment in most cases. The early and correct diagnosis is essential to the proper patient´s conduct, as it allows proper treatment, and it avoids additional tests and unnecessary surgical procedures. This article contains a PTS case report with clinical presentation, physical examination images, diagnosis, MRI images, evolution, and prognosis, as well as a literature review.

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