BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the undergraduate course students have the opportunity to learn and understand health promotion and prevention, quality of life and other concepts, but they rarely learn about health education, let alone pain. Knowing that there are gaps in the training of health professionals regarding pain, and in the use of pedagogical methodologies that encourage the active construction of knowledge, the objective of this study was to provide an experience about the process of understanding pain neuroscience education from an instrument and the role-playing technique in the academic environment of Physiotherapy students. CASE REPORTS: During a Basic Complexity class, Physiotherapy students from the Ceilândia campus of the University of Brasília were invited to provide care to a fictitious population and develop explanations and lessons about pain and its processes in the human body using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life of the individual and target the care accordingly. CONCLUSION: The experience provided by the simulation of clinical cases was important for the analysis and discussion of challenging issues such as psychological, social and behavioral factors in the health education process in multi and interdisciplinary interventions.