No abstract

The use of computational models of varied complexity helps to understand the hydrological dynamics studying different scenarios of urban flood. In this perspective, a hydrological model of the Macaé river basin (RH-VIII) was built using the MOHID Land platform to simulate the implementation of a hypothetical attenuation reservoir for flood mitigation in the Macaé urban region. The results indicate that the maximum flows obtained with the simulation from project rainfalls were compatible with values observed in the literature, in the region of interest. The analysis of the flood hydrograms (m3/s) indicates a high efficiency in flood mitigation near the reservoir region, higher than 50%, while at the lower part of the basin, more urbanized region, the attenuation was of the order of 10%.

Os eventos de cheias urbanas se destacam como um dos desastres naturais de maior abrangência no país, com efeitos locais recorrentes nas médias e grandes cidades. A utilização de modelos computacionais de variada complexidade auxilia a compreensão da dinâmica hidrológica dos corpos hídricos em análise, além de permitir a simulação de cenários de interesse. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do trabalho foi construir um modelo hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Macaé (RH-VIII) utilizando o MOHID Land e visando, posteriormente, a simulação de cenários de interesse para o controle das cheias na região. A construção do modelo hidrológico contemplou as seguintes etapas: (i) definição da área de interesse; (ii) criação de modelo digital de terreno (MDT); (iii) construção das seções transversais; (iv) delineamento da rede de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica; (v) importação dos dados de precipitação; (vi) ajuste dos Coeficientes de Manning. O modelo se mostrou adequado nos primeiros testes, precisando ainda ser calibrado e validado para aplicação prática.

This article presents a literature review about urban floods, with a specific analysis concerning the Macaé River basin in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main topics of the study are: (i) legal framework of water resources management; (ii) overview of urban floods in Brazil, focusing on the city of Macaé; (iii) methods of control and mitigation of urban floods; (iv) hydrological and computational modeling applied to the study of floods; and finally, (v) characterization of the Macaé River basin, with an emphasis in the context of floods and inundations. The research confirms the relevance of flood studies for the region, both by the expressive record of flooding events and by the lack of recent investigations about this issue. According to the current trend practiced in flood management, proposals for the city should be based on integrated interventions that consider the peculiarities of the basin. Compensatory techniques and the renaturalization of rivers and streams are two prominent approaches to this context. The modeling of the basin and the simulation of these measures can provide data that will support the basin management plan and the work of other relevant public institutions.