Background A cluster of interconnected cardiometabolic risk factors characterizes metabolic Syndrome (MS). The prevalence of MS is increasing worldwide, but there is not a meta-analysis of this prevalence in the Brazilian population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult general population in Brazil through a meta‑analysis study. Methods Original research studies were searched at PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, from 2011 to 2021. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to assess the quality of included studies. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of MS. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were conducted for explored heterogeneity and used the Funnel Plot and Egger’s test to assess publication bias. The study was performed based on the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results The search in electronic databases identified 1598 records. From this total, 26 studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence among the general population of Brazil was 33% with high heterogeneity observed. By gender, the prevalences were 26% in males and 38% in females. By criteria that was used to define MS, the prevalence were 31% in NCEP ATP III, 25% in JIS, 37% in IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO and 33% in IDF criteria. The prevalence in different habitat was 34% in urban, 15% in rural, 28% in quilombola and 37% in indigenous. In different regions was 37% in the South, 30% in Southeast, 38% in North, 31% in Northeast and 39% in Midwest. The pooled prevalence of MS with age was < 45 years: 43% and ≥ 45 years: 42% and the prevalence based on year of study implementation was 31% in 2015–2019, 35% in 2010–2014 and 28% in 2005–2009. There were no statistically significant differences between subgroups. Most of the studies showed high quality assessment criteria’s except adequate sample size criteria and many studies participants were not sampled in an appropriate way. Conclusions Our review indicates a high prevalence of MS in the healthy Brazilian adult population, when compared to others countries and with a world estimate.

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Introduction: Essential metals in high quantities can accumulate and reach toxicity. In the CNS, they lead to neurodegeneration, causing movement and cognitive disorders. Case Report: White man, 59 years, sanitation agent, uses PPE irregularly. For 1 year presented progressive speech disorder, paresis, emaciation, dysphonia, tongue atrophy, limbs fasciculations and abnormal reflexes; normal tonus/ sensibility. Bulbar/limb electroneuromyography and serum dosage of metals in contact were requested, revealing muscles denervation, axonal diffuse polyneuropathy with postganglionic injury and elevated seric Aluminum (Al), (35,7ug/L). The management was work leave, Nortriptyline, and dietary supplementation. It evolved with reduction in seric Al (3,3ug/L); the physical examination remained unaltered. The condition stabilized after treatment. Discussion: Al exposure causes oxidative stress/neurotoxicity, leading to neuronal degeneration. Axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, progressive asthenia, emaciation, fasciculations, aphasia, ataxia, tongue atrophy, and organs injuries can be found. In this case, the clinical presentation differs from ALS because of sensibility commitment and postganglionic alteration, compatible with chronic axonal neuropathy. Conclusion: Although ALS is the most common MND, atypical cases need further investigation to diagnose and treat correctly.

BackgroundA cluster of interconnected cardiometabolic risk factors characterizes metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The prevalence of MetS is increasing worldwide, but there is not a meta-analysis of this prevalence in the Brazilian population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult general population in Brazil through a meta‑analysis study. MethodsOriginal research studies were searched at PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, from 2011 to 2021. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to assess the quality of included studies. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetS. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were conducted for explored heterogeneity and used the Funnel Plot to assess publication bias. The study was performed based on the criteria of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). ResultsThe search in electronic databases identified 1598 records. From this total, 26 studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence among the general population of Brazil was 33% with high heterogeneity observed. By gender, the prevalences were 26% in males and 38% in females. By criteria that was used to define MetS, the prevalence were 31% in NCEP ATP III, 25% in JIS, 37% in IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO and 33% in IDF criteria. The prevalence in different habitat was 34% in urban, 15% in rural, 28% in quilombola and 37% in indigenous. In different regions was 37% in the South, 30% in Southeast, 38% in North, 31% in Northeast and 39% in Midwest. The pooled prevalence of MetS with age was <45 years: 43% and ≥45 years: 42% and the prevalence based on year of study implementation was 31% in 2015-2019, 35% in 2010-2014 and 28% in 2005-2009. There were no statistically significant differences between subgroups. Most of the studies showed high quality assessment criteria’s except adequate sample size criteria and many studies participants were not sampled in an appropriate way. ConclusionsOur review indicates a high prevalence of MetS in the healthy Brazilian adult population, when compared to others countries and with a world estimate.