BackgroundIn this work, radiomics characteristics based on CT scans were used to build a model for preoperative evaluation of CD3 and CD8 T cells expression levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsTwo radiomics models for evaluating tumor-infiltrating CD3 and CD8 T cells were created and validated using computed tomography (CT) images and pathology information from NSCLC patients. From January 2020 to December 2021, 105 NSCLC patients with surgical and histological confirmation underwent this retrospective analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine CD3 and CD8 T cells expression, and all patients were classified into groups with high and low CD3 T cells expression and high and low CD8 T cells expression. The CT area of interest had 1316 radiomic characteristics that were retrieved. The minimal absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) technique was used to choose components from the IHC data, and two radiomics models based on CD3 and CD8 T cells abundance were created. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analyses were used to examine the models’ ability to discriminate and their clinical relevance (DCA).ResultsA CD3 T cells radiomics model with 10 radiological characteristics and a CD8 T cells radiomics model with 6 radiological features that we created both demonstrated strong discrimination in the training and validation cohorts. The CD3 radiomics model has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.943 (95% CI 0.886-1), sensitivities, specificities, and accuracy of 96%, 89%, and 93%, respectively, in the validation cohort. The AUC of the CD8 radiomics model was 0.837 (95% CI 0.745-0.930) in the validation cohort, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of 70%, 93%, and 80%, respectively. Patients with high levels of CD3 and CD8 expression had better radiographic results than patients with low levels of expression in both cohorts (p<0.05). Both radiomic models were therapeutically useful, as demonstrated by DCA.ConclusionsWhen making judgments on therapeutic immunotherapy, CT-based radiomic models can be utilized as a non-invasive way to evaluate the expression of tumor-infiltrating CD3 and CD8 T cells in NSCLC patients.

Purpose To explore the dynamic changes and correlation between CT imaging manifestations and cellular immunity of COVID-19. Materials and methods This retrospective review analyzed 23 patients with COVID-19, including 13 males and 10 females aged 27-70 years, with an average age of 48 years. Patients were divided into two groups: group A with 11 critical-severe patients, and group B with 12 common-mild patients. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. Results LYM, LYM (%), CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ decreased, while NEU (%), CRP, and CT scores increased in all patients, WBC in group A increased. In group A, on day 10-12 after disease onset, CT scores and CRP reached the highest point, and day 13-15 LYM, LYM (%) reached the lowest but NEU (%) and WBC reached the highest, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ were at the lowest on day 10-15. In group B, on day 7-9, CT scores, NEU (%) and CRP reached the peak, but LYM, LYM (%), CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ reached the lowest. In all patients, CT scores had a significantly negative correlation with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, LYM (%), and LYM (p = 0.