Cloud analysis is based on linear regression in the logarithmic space using least squares, in which a large number of nonlinear dynamic analyses are required to ensure the regression accuracy. Thus, it needs significant computational effort to derive fragility curves especially for the complicated structures. This article proposed the Enhanced Cloud approach (E-Cloud) to enhance the efficiency but maintain the accuracy of Cloud analysis. The basic concept of the E-Cloud method aims to utilize both maximum and additional seismic responses with corresponding intensity measures (IMs) from ground motions for the logarithmic linear regression in Cloud analysis. The additional seismic responses can be obtained from the engineering demand parameter (EDP)-IM curve, which is generated at the specific time duration when structures are subjected to intensifying dynamic excitations in nonlinear time–history analysis. The required number of nonlinear time–history analyses in Cloud analysis is reduced since additional seismic responses (with their corresponding IM value) are used as additional Cloud points for the Cloud regression. The proposed E-Cloud method is applied for the case study of a typical reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure. By comparison of probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility curves from the E-Cloud method to Cloud analysis, it is demonstrated that the proposed E-Cloud method can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the Cloud analysis, which also leads to accurate fragility estimates of the structures.

Cloud analysis is based on linear regression in the logarithmic space by using least squares, in which a large number of nonlinear dynamic analyses are usually suggested to ensure the accuracy of this method. So, it needs significant computational effort to establish fragility curves especially for the complicated structures. The present paper proposed the Enhanced Cloud Method (E-Cloud) to enhance the efficiency but maintain the accuracy of the Cloud method. The basic concept of the proposed “E-Cloud” aims to utilize both maximum and additional seismic responses with corresponding intensity measures (IMs) from ground motions for the logarithmic linear regression of the Cloud method. Since the nonlinear time-history responses can be transferred to the Engineering Demand Parameter (EDP)-IM curve at the duration when the ground motion is intensifying, the additional seismic responses at different IM levels (i.e., potential Cloud points) can be selected from this EDP-IM curve. These potential Cloud points are combined with maximum seismic responses for the regression so as to reduce the required number of dynamic analyses in Cloud analysis. The proposed “E-Cloud” method is applied for the case study of a typical RC frame structure. By comparison of the obtained probabilistic seismic demand models and fragility curves from “E-Cloud” method to Cloud analysis, it is demonstrated that the E-Cloud method can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the Cloud analysis, which also leads to accurate and stable results for the seismic fragility assessment of structures.