<p class="abstract">Malignant pilomatrixoma is a rare malignancy with just 136 cases reported in the English literature. The tumour is described as locally aggressive, with possibility of reoccurrence and distal metastasis. Histology remains the gold standard in diagnostic. Wide surgical excision is preferred to simple excision. In the present study a case of first malignant pilomatrixoma in our hospital is described. We made an excision of the tumour and the tissue was sent on histopathology. The skin defect was covered with a local ulnar flap. Through our case report and literature review we focus on the most suitable treatment option. The tumour was not excised with appropriate safety surgical margin based on the histopathology report. Patient refused another excision and any additional treatments. The most optimal treatment has not yet been established. Most of the article’s state that primary wide surgical excision should be done, with surgical margins still being debateable. The best results were given when using Mohs micrographic surgery.</p>
Marjolinov ulkus (MU) je redka, vendar izjemno agresivna oblika ulcerativnega ploščatoceličnega karcinoma, ki nastane iz kronične rane, najpogosteje po opeklinski poškodbi. Naš cilj je opozoriti na nevarnost maligne preobrazbe nestabilne brazgotine kot kronične rane (nastanek Marjolinovega ulkusa) ter možnosti njenega zdravljenja pri nas ter drugod po svetu. V Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Ljubljana na Kliničnem oddelku za plastično, rekonstrukcijsko, estetsko kirurgijo in opekline smo v obdobju zadnjih 13 let obravnavali 5 bolnikov, operiranih zaradi nestabilne brazgotine, ki se je izkazovala kot kronična rana. Za potrebe članka smo opravili pregled angleške literature na temo ulceracije nestabilne opeklinske brazgotine. Marjolinov ulkus je epiteliomska sprememba, ki jo je možno preprečiti. Vsaka večja rana, ki se prepusti sekundarnemu celjenju, ima potencial za razvoj v kronično rano, ki lahko ulcerira in vodi v maligno spremembo. Še posebej moramo biti pozorni pri opeklinskih ranah ter brazgotinah. Če se pojavi kronična rana, je potrebna biopsija in kasnejše zdravljenje. Uspešnost zdravljenja je bila največja, kadar se je rana obravnavala, še preden se je preobrazila.
Izhodišče: Primerjati kirurško obravnavo bolnikov z malformacijo Chiari I (CM-I) pri nas in po svetu ter ugotoviti primerljivost uspeha pri uporabi različnih kirurških tehnik. Metode: Opravili smo retrospektivno analizo 10 bolnikov, ki so bili operirani zaradi CM-I v UKC Maribor, Kirurška klinika, Oddelek za nevrokirurgijo v obdobju od januarja 2010 do maja 2016. Podatke o bolnikih smo zbrali v tabele in opravili deskriptivno statistično analizo vzorca. Pregledali smo literaturo v angleščini v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in Ovid na temo kirurškega zdravljenja CM-I. Rezultate raziskav smo primerjali s svojimi ugotovitvami. Rezultati: V obdobju od januarja 2010 do maja 2016 smo operirali 10 bolnikov: 8 žensk in 2 moška v starosti 11–57 let. Simptomi pred operacijo so trajali od 1 meseca do 29 let. Glavoboli so bili prisotni pri 8 bolnikih, bolečina v vratu je bila prisotna pri 4 bolnikih, vrtoglavica pri 2 bolnikih, mravljinčenje v rokah pa pri enem bolniku. Znaki pred operacijo pa so trajali od 1 leta do 29 let. Pri 2 bolnikih je bila prisotna spastična tetrapareza, pri 2 bolnikih motnja senzibilitete in pri 1 bolniku tremor rok. Pridruženo hidromielijo je imelo 5 bolnikov. Skoliozo sta imeli 2 bolnici. Pri vseh 10 bolnikih smo se odločili za kirurško obravnavo. V skupini 10 bolnikov, ki smo jih obravnavali, ni nihče umrl. Pri 2 bolnikih smo zaznali tekočinsko kolekcijo likvorja v podkožju, pri 1 bolniku tudi povišano telesno temperaturo in oteklino, izcedek iz rane pa pri 2 bolnikih. Bolnike smo sledili od 6 mesecev do 6 let. Vsi bolniki so navajali izboljšanje simptomov po operaciji. Zaključek: Rezultati naše raziskave so primerljivi z rezultati podobnih raziskav v literaturi. Ob tem pa moramo opomniti, da je bilo število bolnikov, vključenih v našo študijo, sorazmerno majhno. Razvidno je, da nikjer ni natančno določeno, kdaj se je treba odločiti za določen tip operacije, prav tako je v literaturi prisotna velika raznolikost v izidih po operaciji. Kirurško obravnavo je treba za vsakega bolnika individualizirati.
Introduction:The first use of the latissimus dorsi as a myocutaneous flap was described as early as the end of the 19th century, in the coverage of an extensive defect following radical mastectomy (Tansini 1895). Subsequently, the surgical procedure was forgotten and later re-introduced as a pedicled flap for breast reconstruction (Olivari 1976). Olivari prompted the microsurgical team from Ljubljana to perform a free muscle transfer (Godina 1978). The first emergency free flap transfer in Ljubljana was performed in 1979. Patients and Methods: Latissimus dorsi flap can be used as a muscle or musculocutaneous flap, in a pedicle or a free form. The procedure of reconstructing large tibial defects always proceeded as a two-team procedure simultaneously. For the continuity of the axial blood flow of the tibia, M. Godina developed endto-side anastomosis. Results: Using latissimus dorsi free flap for reconstruction of tibial defects the first statistics by M. Godina from 134 patients showed a 0.75% flap loss rate and 1.5% infection rate; an average healing time of 6.8 months and a bed rest period estimated at 27 days. In the case of delayed reconstruction, the author reported an infection rate of 17.5%. Conclusions: Due to clinical experience, good results and a new doctrine of the Ljubljana School of microsurgery played a historical role in the reconstruction of the tibia with a muscular microvascular muscle flap.
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