The plethora of algorithms in the research field of process mining builds on directly-follows relations. Even though various improvements have been made in the last decade, there are serious weaknesses of these relationships. Once events associated with different objects that relate with a cardinality of 1:N and N:M to each other, techniques based on directly-follows relations produce spurious relations, self-loops, and back-jumps. This is due to the fact that event sequence as described in classical event logs differs from event causation. In this paper, we address the research problem of representing the causal structure of process-related event data. To this end, we develop a new approach called Causal Process Mining. This approach renounces the use of flat event logs and considers relational databases of event data as an input. More specifically, we transform the relational data structures based on the Causal Process Template into what we call Causal Event Graph. We evaluate our approach and compare its outputs with techniques based on directlyfollows relations in a case study with an European food production company. Our results demonstrate that directly-follows miners produce a large number of spurious relationships, which our approach captures correctly.

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Process mining techniques provide data-driven visualizations that help gaining multi-perspective insights into business processes. These techniques build on a variety of algorithms, however without any explicit reference to the spectrum of potential analysis of operations. For this reason, it is unclear if the state of the art of process mining has missed opportunities to develop techniques that could be of potential value to an analyst. In this paper, we refer to research on information visualization where this problem has been addressed from a more general angle. More specifically, we use the framework defined for space-time cube operations to explore to which extent process mining instantiates these operations. To this end, we refer to most widely used commercial process mining tools and analyze their analysis operations. We find that the majority of the operations are already supported by the tools, but there are still unsupported ones, which exhibit opportunities for future research and tool innovation.