ZusammenfassungEin zentrales Anliegen für ein funktionierendes Gesundheitswesen ist die Frage, ob der Wettbewerb zwischen Leistungserbringern und dessen Regulierung bestmögliche Versorgungsqualität erbringt. Aktuell wird Qualität oft uneinheitlich und unzureichend erbracht, umfassende Ansätze für die Definition und Messung von Qualität, sowohl aus klinischer als auch Patientenperspektive, existieren nicht. Zudem gilt die Gesundheitsversorgung in der Ökonomie als Vertrauensgut und ist durch starke Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Patienten, Leistungserbringern und Kostenträgern gekennzeichnet. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert anhand gesundheitsökonomischer Ansätze die Einflussfaktoren auf Behandlungsqualität sowohl auf Nachfrage- als auch auf Angebotsseite und beleuchtet aktuelle gesundheitspolitische Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung bestmöglicher Ergebnisqualität im Wettbewerb zwischen Leistungserbringern.
Background
The complex, multidimensional nature of healthcare quality makes provider and treatment decisions based on quality difficult. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures can enhance patient centricity and involvement. The proliferation of PRO measures, however, requires a simplification to improve comprehensibility. Composite measures can simplify complex data without sacrificing the underlying information.
Objective and methods
We propose a five-step development approach to combine different PRO into one composite measure (PRO-CM): (i) theoretical framework and metric selection, (ii) initial data analysis, (iii) rescaling, (iv) weighting and aggregation, and (v) sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. We evaluate different rescaling, weighting, and aggregation methods by utilizing data of 3145 hip and 2605 knee replacement patients, to identify the most advantageous development approach for a PRO-CM that reflects quality variations from a patient perspective.
Results
The comparison of different methods within steps (iii) and (iv) reveals the following methods as most advantageous: (iii) rescaling via z-score standardization and (iv) applying differential weights and additive aggregation. The resulting PRO-CM is most sensitive to variations in physical health. Changing weighting schemes impacts the PRO-CM most directly, while it proves more robust towards different rescaling and aggregation approaches.
Conclusion
Combining multiple PRO provides a holistic picture of patients’ health improvement. The PRO-CM can enhance patient understanding and simplify reporting and monitoring of PRO. However, the development methodology of a PRO-CM needs to be justified and transparent to ensure that it is comprehensible and replicable. This is essential to address the well-known problems associated with composites, such as misinterpretation and lack of trust.
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