Vegetation formations are an important component in the urban structure, as they perform a wide range of ecosystem services there. The climate modification to improve the environmental and residential quality of the city is one of the important functions. The paper presents the results of the microclimate assessment in the chosen localities of Nitra town, Slovakia, with an emphasis on the stage and differences in air temperature and relative humidity. The climate elements were measured at 7 spatially different sites (sites A to G), each of them at two comparative sites, vegetation stand and open area. The largest average air temperature difference between the vegetation stand and the non-vegetation area was 1.2 °C at the locality D. The largest air temperature difference in the vegetation stands was measured between the street space (site E) and the city park (F), reaching 2.3–2.5 °C. The relative air humidity reached the highest differences between the park (locality F) and the street space (G) measured at 3:00–8:00. These reached 19.6% to 24.4% with higher relative humidity in the popular city park. The highest differences between the compared habitats were measured at locality G and averaged 9.6% at 04:00 – 07:00 in a preference to a tree canopy. The research results confirmed the importance of the vegetation structures in the process of mitigating the urban climate extremes and the environmental quality improving.

The noble family of Chotek began with the realization of extensive landscaping in their manor of Nové Dvory at the end of the 18th century. Lists of woody plants produced for these purposes and for sale were preserved from the years 1794, 1800 and 1814. 276 taxa of foreign woody plants in the current concept, permanently cultivated outdoors, have been identified in all three lists at least to the level of the species. 91 taxa come from North America, with 81 being the first documented place of their presence in the territory of the Czech Republic. All North American taxa are natural, none of them originated in culture.

Lists of woody plants produced in nurseries were preserved from the years 1794, 1800 and 1814 in the manor of Nové Dvory of the noble family of Chotek. 276 taxa of woody plants in the current concept, permanently cultivated outdoors, have been determined in these lists at least to the level of the species. According to the existing findings, for 241 of them were documented for the first time their production for the needs of the landscape architecture in the territory of the Czech Republic. In the case of foreign natural and all cultural taxa, it is also the oldest evidence of their presence in this territory; for native taxa it is the first evidence of their usage in garden culture. Approximately 21.5% of taxa are autochthonous in the Czech Republic, 24% have at least part of their native territory in Europe and 1.5% in the Middle East, 2% come from Central Asia and Siberia and 4% from East Asia. Taxa produced in culture account for approximately 13%. Woody plants of North American origin (they are given a separate contribution) are represented by 34%.

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